µ mikro- (My, micron, 10 at -6)µg mikrogram (1/1000 mg) µl mikroliter (1/1000 ml) µm mikrometer (1/1000 mm) 2V 2 V(olt) 2V 2-valve 3DES triple data encryption standard (Encryption algorithm, 1977) 3GSM universal mobile telephone system 4EAT 4-speed electronic automatic transmission 4WAL four-wheel antilock 4WD four-wheel drive 8PSK eightphase-shift keying A Ampere A ampere(s) a arterial A&E accident and emergency a.c. alternating current A/C air conditioning A/D analogue to digital A/O alert and oriented A/T automatic transaxle A/T automatic transmission A/VOR approach/VHF omni range A2 aortic second sound A2A application to application AA African-American Aa alveolar/arterial AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm AAC Advisory Appointments Committee AAE automatic answering equipment AAEM American Academy of Emergency Physicians AAF above the finished floor AAFS American Academy of Forensic Sciences AAHP American Association of Health Plans AALL American Association of Law Libraries AAM air-to-air missile AAMC Association of American Medical Clinics AAMC Association of American Medical Colleges AAOx3 awake, alert, oriented x 3 [person/place/time] AAPCC adjusted average per capita cost AAPS American Association of Physician Specialists AAPS American Association of Physicians and Surgeons AAR against all risks AAR American Association of Railroads AARP AppleTalk address resolution AAS anabolic-androgenic steroid AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy ABA American Bankers Association ABC activity based costing ABC atomic, biological, chemical ABD all but dissertation ABEM American Board of Emergency Medicine ABFP American Board of Family Physicians ABG arterial blood gases ABH actual bodily harm ABHI Association of British Healthcare Industries ABI ankle brachial index ABI annual business inquiry (a survey done in the EC) ABIM American Board of Internal Medicine ABM activity-based management ABMT autologous bone marrow transplant abn abnormal ABNL abnormal ABO American Board of Ophthalmology ABP acid-producing bacteria ABP American Board of Paediatrics ABP aortic blood pressure ABP arterial blood pressure ABPI Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry ABPM ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ABPsS Associate British Psychological Society ABR acrylate-butadiene rubber ABR available bit rate ABS acrylonitile-butadiene-styrene (plastic, foam) ABS antilock brake system ABSEES American Bibliography of Slavic & East European Studies (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) ABVD doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine Ac actinium AC alternating current AC Audit Commission ac before meal ACAC Area Clinical Audit Committee ACAS advisory, conciliation and arbitration service ACB America's Community Bankers ACC adaptive control constraint ACC adaptive cruise control ACC air conditioning clutch ACC automatic climate control ACC automatic control constraint ACC/SCN United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition ACCA Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants ACCI American consortium of certified interpreters ACCS air command and control system ACCS air conditioning cyclic switch ACCT accounting ACD air conditioning demand ACD automatic call distribution ACDA Advisory Committee on Distinction Awards ACDP Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens ACE access control entry ACE altitude control equipment ACE angiotension conversion enzyme ACEP American College of Emergency Physicians ACFM Advisory Comittee of Fisheries Management ACH automated clearing house ACHCEW Association of Community Health Councils for England and Wales ACI American Concrete Institute ACI asynchronous communications interface ACIA asynchronous communications interface adapter ACIG Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Information Group ACK acknowledge ACK acknowledge character ACK acknowledgment signal (a control code = 06h) ACL access control list ACL air cleaner ACL automatic correction list ACLS advanced cardiac life support ACLS advanced cardiovascular life support ACLS advanced coronary life support ACM Air Chief Marshal (UK) ACM Association for Computer Machinery ACM audio compression manager ACME Advisory Committee on Medical Establishment (Scotland) ACMT Advisory Committee on Medical Training ACO adaptive control optimisation ACON air conditioning on ACP acknowledge character ACP air conditioning pressure ACPI advanced configuration and power interface ACPI Association of Court and Police Interpreters ACR approach control radar ACR4 air conditioning refrigerant, recovery, recycling, recharging ACRV assured crew return vehicle ACS American Chemical Society ACSEC Accounting Standards Executive Committee (of the American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants) ACSR aluminium cable - steel reinforced ACSS automated clearing settlement system ACSSS American Council Of State Savings Supervisors ACT Action by Churches Together ACT air charge temperature (replaced with IAT) ACT American college test ACT autologous chondrocyte transplantation ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTR additional cost of teaching and research ACTS automatic ACU automatic calling unit AD/HD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADA acquisition, development and construction (loan) ADA American Dental Association ADA American Dietetic Association ADC analogue-to-digital ADC analogue-to-digital converter ADC automatic data capture ADD attention deficit disorder ADDTG thermogravimetry ADF automatic direction finder ADH additional duty hours ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADI acceptable daily intake ADI attitude direction indicator ADL activities of daily living ADL advanced distributed learning ADMS Assistant Director of Medical Services ADN advanced digital network ADNS Assistant Director of Nursing Services ADP adenosine diphosphate ADP automated dumb process ADP automatic data processing ADR adverse drug reaction ADR alternative dispute resolution ADR American depository receipts ADR European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSR attack, sustain, decay, release (a simple envelope generator ADSU automatic distress signal unit ADU analogue-digital unit AED automatic electrical defibrillator AED automatic external defibrillator AEIC Association of Edison Illuminating Companies AES advanced encryption standard (Encryption algorithm, 2002) AES Audio Engineering Society AES automatic energy selection AESA advanced encryption standard algorithm AESA ATM end system address AESAVS advanced encryption standard algorithm validation suite AET alpha-ethyltryptamine AEWC Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission AF appraisal foundation AF atrial fibrillation AF audio frequency AFA advanced first aid AFBA appropriate federal banking agency AFC airflow control AFC antiferromagnetically-coupled (hard disk technology) AFC armoured face conveyor AFC automatic frequency control AFDC aid to families with dependent children AFE authority for expenditure AFFF aqueous film forming foam AFL after fade listen AFM Adobe font metrics AFM atomic force microscope AFOM Associate of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine AFP Apple filing protocol AFPM Associate of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine AFR absolute frequency reference AFR air fuel ratio AFV alternate fuel vehicle AGC automatic gain control AGM annual general meeting AGMETS Advisory Group on Medical and Dental Education, Training and Staffing AGP accelerated graphics port AGP advanced graphics port ? AGPA American Group Practice Association AGS alliance ground surveillance AGV automatic guided vehicle AHA American Heart Association AHA American Hospital Association AHA Associate of the Institute of Hospital Administrator AHCPA Association of Health Centre and Practices Administrators AHCPR Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now AHRQ) AHEC Area Health Education Center AHHRM Association of Healthcare Human Resource Management AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AI Amnesty International AI artificial insemination AI artificial intelligence AIBD Association Of International Bond Dealers AICD automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (now ICD) AICPA American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIM advanced informatics in medicine AIM agile intelligent manufacturing AIM Association of Independent Multifunds AIMS Association for Improvements in Maternity Services AIPC Australian Intellectual Property Cases AIR secondary air injection (formerly thermactor air) AIRB secondary air injection bypass AIRD secondary air injection diverter AIS abbreviated injury scale AIS automated information service AIS automatic idle speed AISI American Iron and Steel Institute AIVR accelerated idioventricular rhythm aka also known as AKC Associate of King's College ALA Association of Local Authorities ALAC artificial limb and appliance centre ALC automatic level control ALDL assembly line data link (replaced with DLC) ALERT acute life threatening events ALJ Administrative Law Judge ALLL allowance for loan and lease losses ALLNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action ALM asset liability management ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability in Practice ALOS average length of stay ALS advanced life support ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALSOB alcohol like substance on breath ALT alternator (replaced with GEN) ALU arithmetic and logic unit ALU arithmetic logic unit AM amplitude modulation AMA against medical advice AMA American Medical Association Amb ambient AMB ambient AMC army materiel command AMD automated multiple development AMEE Association for Medical Education in Europe AMH automated material handling AMI acute myocardial infarction AMLCD active-matrix liquid crystal display AMP adenosine monophosphate Amp amplifier AMPS advanced mobile phone system Amps amperage Amps amperes AMQ American Medical Qualification AMR audio modem riser AMRC Academy of Medical Royal Colleges AMRC Association of Medical Research Charities AMS American Bureau of Shipping AMS applications management specification AMS Army Medical Services AMSPAR Association of Medical Secretaries, Practice Administrators and Receptionists ANA American Nurses Association ANHA American Nursing Homes Association ANOVA analysis of variance ANPR advance notice of proposed rulemaking ANSI American National Standards Institute AOA American Optometric Association AOA American Osteopathic Association AOB alcohol on breath AOD argon-oxygen decarburisation AOD automatic overdrive AODE automatic overdrive electronic (transmission) AODE-W automatic overdrive electronic wide (ratio transmission) AODP Association of Operating Department Practitioners AOF absolute open flow AOFP absolute open flow potential AOI automated optical inspection AOL America Online (an Internet service) AOP aspect-oriented programming AOP Association of Optometrists AOPD active optoelectronic protective device AOQL average outgoing quality level AOS arrived on scene AOU airlift operational unit AOX adsorbable organic halogens AP accelerator pedal AP anodic protection AP anterior-posterior (usually used in connection with radiological view) AP automatic pilot APA Administrative Procedures Act APA American Pharmaceutical Association APC alternative PHP cache APC American Power Conversion APC antigen-presenting cells APCOR advanced portable coronary observation radio APD advanced PHP debugger APD advanced professional development APDRG all patient diagnosis related groups APE acute pulmonary edema APE acute pulmonary embolism APE apparatus, personnel and equipment APF atomic packing factor APH Association of Public Health APHA American Protestant Hospital Association APHA American Public Health Associations API American Petroleum Institute API application programming interface APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society APIPA automatic private IP address APLS advanced paediatric life support APM advanced power management APN+ Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV APNIC Asian-Pacific network information center APR annual percentage rate APT adjustable part throttle APT Association for the prevention of torture APT automatic programmed tools AQH Association for Quality in Healthcare AQL acceptable quality level AQL acceptance quality level AQL average quality level AR advice of receipt ARC advanced RISC computing ARC American Red Cross ARC automatic ride control ARCH autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity ARD Assistant Regional Director ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome ARIN American registry for Internet numbers ARM adjustable rate mortgage ARP accelerated resolution programme ARP address resolution protocol ARR address region register ARS air control unit/recognized air picture production center/sensor fusion post ARS automatic restraint system ARSAC Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee ARSH Association of Royal Society of Health ART antiretroviral therapy ART Antiretroviral Treatment AS anabolic steroid AS/RS automated storage and retrieval system AS2 applicability statement two ASA acetylsalicylic (Aspirin) ASA acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ASARC air suspension automatic ride control ASB Appraisal Standards Board ASC X9 Accredited Standards Committee X9 (ANSI accredited; develop, establish, publish, maintain and promote standards for the Financial Services Industry in order to facilitate delivery of financial products and services; has 4 subcommittees and 20 working groups) ASC all savers certificate ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCOBANS The Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas ASD allowable stress design ASD automatic shutdown ASDA Australian Sports Drug Agency ASE amplified spontaneous emission ASEAN Association of South-East Asean Nations ASEC Associate Specialist Education Committee ASF alert standard format ASG automated shift gearbox ASHD arteriosclerotic (or atherosclerotic) heart disease ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASIC application-specific integrated circuit ASIL American Society of International Law ASIS American Society for Information Science ASIT Association of Surgeons in Training ASL American Sign Language ASL armoured stage loader (conveyor) ASME Association for the Study of Medical Education ASN autonomous system number ASP active server page ASP application service provider ASP Association of Shareware Professionals ASPI advanced SCSI programming interface ASQ American Society for Quality (ASQC prior to 1997) ASQC American Society for Quality Control (name changed to ASQ in 1997) ASQC American Society of Quality Control ASR acceleration slip regulation ASSIST Association for Information Management and Technology Staff in the NHS ASTHO Association of State and Territorial Health Officials ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM American Society for Testing Materials ASW approved social worker AT advanced technology (Refers to the original IBM PC/AT computer. AT computer architecture = ISA) ATA advanced technology attachment ATA American Translators Association ATAPI AT attachment packet interface ATC air traffic control ATC anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC code: A medicine classification system developed in Norway) ATC Association of Translation Companies (GB) ATC automatic temperature control ATC automatic train control ATC average total cost ATCvet same as ATC, but for veterinary medicinal products ATDC after top dead centre ATE (brake fluid brand) ATE automated test equipment ATE automatic test equipment ATF automobile transmission fluid ATG automatic test generation ATI alternative mortgage instrument ATIP actual thrift investment percentage ATLAS abbreviated test language for avionic systems ATLS advanced trauma life support (training course) ATM actuator test mode ATM Adobe Type Manager ATM Advanced Technical Materials Inc. ATM amateur telescope makers ATM asynchronous transfer mode Atm atmosphere ATM automated (or automatic) teller machine (cash dispenser) ATMD Association of Trust Medical Directors ATP adenosine triphosphate ATP available to promise ATPG automatic test programme (or pattern) generator ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid ATRS advance temporary roof support ATRS advanced tactical radar system ATRS automated trouble reporting system ATRS aviation training simulator system ATS amphetamine-type stimulant ATS applications tracking system Ats automatic transfer system ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee ATV video box multi view ATX advanced technology extended (motherboard/case form factor) ATX automatic transaxle AUDGP Association of University Departments of General Practice Auto automatic AUV autonmous underwater vehicle AV annular velocity AVA video box multi source AVC automatic volume control AVG ambulatory visit group AVMA Action for the Victims of Medical Accidents AVO amplitude variation with offset AVPU alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive (trauma alertness scale) AVR automatic voltage regulator AVSSCS audio-visual service specific convergence sublayer AW assignment window AWACS NATO airborne early warning and control system AWB airway bill AWD all wheel drive AWG American Wire Gauge (based on the circular mil system where 1 mil equals 0.001 inch.) AWG arbitrary waveform generator AWID Association for Women's Rights in Development AWT abstract window toolkit AXOD automatic overdrive transaxle AXOD-E automatic overdrive transaxle - electronically controlled b bit B byte (8 bits) B/L bill of lading B+ battery voltage B2B board to board (aka BTB) B2B business to business B2C bank to customer B2C business to customer B2G business to government BA Bachelor of Arts Ba barium BAc Bachelor of Acupuncture BAC blood alcohol concentration/content BAC British Association of Chemists BACT best available control technology BAEM British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine BAF bunkers adjustment factor BAL a heavy metal chelator BAL blood alcohol level balun balanced-to-unbalanced transformer BAMM British Association of Medical Managers BAN British approved name BAN British Association of Neurologists BAO British Association of Otolaryngologists BAOT British Association of Occupational Therapists BAPhysMed British Association of Physical Medicine BAPS British Association of Paediatric Surgeons BAPS British Association of Plastic Surgeons BAPT British Association of Physical Training BARO barometric (pressure) BASc Bachelor of Applied Science BASIC beginner's all-Purpose symbolic instruction code BASICS British Association of Immediate Care BAT best available techniques BAUS British Association of Urological Surgeons BBA Balanced Budget Act (of 1997) BBAN basic bank account number (national form of a bank account number; see also IBAN) BBI Bonnier Business Information BBL oil field barrel (also: bbl) BBP blood-borne pathogen BBRA Balanced Budget Refinement Act (of 1999) BBS BIOS boost specification BBS bulletin board service BC block contracting BCA Blue Cross Association BCBSA Blue Cross Blue Shield Association BCC blind carbon copy BCC body-centred cubic BCD binary-coded decimal BCDF B cell differentiation factor BCEM Board of Certification in Emergency Medicine BCF basophil chemotactic factor BCF bio concentration factor BCGF B cell growth factor BChD Bachelor of Dental Surgery BChir Bachelor of Surgery BClinSci Bachelor of Clinical Science BCM body control module BDA British Deaf Association BDA British Dental Association BDA British Diabetic Association BDE brominated dyphenyl ether BDentSci Bachelor of Dental Science BDH British Drug Houses BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery BDSc Bachelor of Dental Science BEAM biomedical equipment assessment and management BEL bell BEP best environmental practices BER bit error rate BERT bit error rate tester BF body float(ing) BF lymphocyte blastogenic factor BFCE better, faster, cheaper, easier BFO beat frequency oscillator BFR brominated flame retardant BFT binary file transfer BFT binary file transmission BGA 800x600 screen resolution BGA ball-grid array BGM Board General Manager BGS British Geriatrics Society BHA bottomhole assembly BHA butylated hydroxyanisole BHCA busy hour call attempts BHCT bottomhole circulating temperature BHP bottomhole pressure BHP brake horsepower BHST bottomhole static temperature BHT blunt head trauma BHT bottomhole temperature BHT butylated hydroxytoluene BIB burn-in board BIBA brought in by ambulance BIBRA British Industrial Biological Association BIC bank identifier code BID bis in die (twice daily) BIF bank insurance fund BINAS bio-safety information network and advisory services, Vienna (UNIDO) BIOS basic input/output (I/O) system BIR British Institute of Radiology BIS Bank for International Settlements (Basel, CH) BISDN broadband integrated services digital network B-ISDN broadband integrated services digital network BIST built-in self-test BIT built-in test BITS banking industry technology secretariat BJGP British Journal of General Practice BLEVE boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion B-level business level BLM block learn multiplier (replaced with LT fuel trim) BLOB binary large object BLPD barrels of liquid per day BLROA British Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Association BLS basic life support BLS Basic Life Support (a level of certification) BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics (US) B-LVL bi-level BM Bachelor of Medicine BM benchmark BM benchmark(ing) BM bowel movement (stool) BMA Bank Merger Act BMA British Medical Association BMAP barometric and manifold absolute pressure BMB British Medical Bulletin BMBCh Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery BMBS Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery BMedBiol Bachelor of Medical Biology BMedSci Bachelor of Medical Science BMI body mass index BMIS British Medical Informatics Society BMJ British Medical Journal BMOC big man on campus BMSA British Medical Students Association BMSJ British Medical Students Journal BMX bicycle motocross BNA U.S. Bureau of National Affairs, Washington D.C. BNC bayonet-Neill-Concelman BNF British National Formulary BNTI blind nasotracheal intubation BOA British Orthopaedic Association BOC bill of credit BOD biochemical oxygen demand BOE Bank of England BOE bill of exchange BOF basic oxygen furnace BOL bill of loading BOM bill of materials BOO brake on/off BOPD barrels of oil per day BoR Board of Review BOS bill of sale BP (arterial) blood pressure BP back pressure BP band pass BP blood pressure BP British Pharmacopoeia BPA British Paediatric Association BPA bypass air BPAS British Pregnancy Advisory Service BPC British Pharmaceutical Codex BPF Berkeley packet filter BPh British Pharmacopoeia BPharm Bachelor of Pharmacology BPHC Bureau of Primary Health Care BPM blood pressure monitor(ing) BPM business process management BPMF British Postgraduate Medical Federation BPO business process outsourcing BPR business process re-engineering BPS bits per second BPS British Pharmacological Society BPSK binary phase-shift keying BPW base pulse width BQFP bumper quad flat pack BrAPP British Association of Pharmaceutical Physicians BRBPR bright red blood per rectum BRI basic rate interface BS backspace BS boundary scan BS bowel sounds BS&W basic sediment and water BS&W bottom sediments and water BS&W bottom settling and water BSc Bachelor of Science BSCC British Society for Clinical Cytology BSDL Boundary-Scan Description Language BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSEC Basic Surgical Education Committee BSF B lymphocyte stimulatory factor BSF British Standard Fine BSI body substance isolation BSI British Standards Institution BSL beam stage loader (conveyor) BSM bus supply module BSO bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BSR British Society of Rheumatology BST basic specialist training BST basic surgical training BSW British Standard Whitworth (Named after Sir Joseph Whitworth, in 1841) BTB board to board (aka B2B) BTDC before top dead centre BTLS basic trauma life support BTS British Thoracic Society BTSI brake transmission shift interlock Btu British thermal units (also BTU) BTW by the way BTX balanced technology extended (motherboard/case form factor) BTX beacon transmitter BTX benzene, toluene and xylene (combination of aromatic hydrocarbons) BUBL bulletin board for libraries (Bath, GB) BUPA British United Provident Association BV best value BV Bureau Veritas BVM bag-valve mask (for ventilating a patient) BVPI best value performance indicator BVR best value review BW bandwidth BWOB by weight of blend BWOC by weight of cement BWPD barrels of water per day BYO bring your own... BYOB bring your own beer BZP benzerpiperazine C and F cost and freight C in C commander in chief C of E Church of England (the Anglican Church) C of F cost of freight C to C centre to centre C centigrade c with (lat. cum) C&D cease and desist (order) C&E cause and effect C/A current account c/o care of C/O complains of C2B customer to bank CA cancer CA carcinoma CA certificate authority CA chartered account CA collision advance CA computer assisted CAAM complimentary and alternate medicine CAAS Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services CAAT computer assisted audit technique CABG coronary arterial bypass graft CABG coronary artery bypass graft (CABG-procedures) CAC charge air cooler CAC closed air circuit CAC connection admission control CACA closed air circuit, air CACAC closed air circuit, air cooled CACW closed air circuit, water CACWC closed air circuit, water cooled CAD computer aided design CAD computer-aided design CAD coronary artery disease CADO Chief Administrative Dental Officer CADREAC Collaboration agreement of drug regulatory authorities in European Union associated countries CAE computer aided engineering CAE computer-aided engineering CAF currency adjustment factor CAH critical access hospital CAHPS Consumer Assessment of Health Plans CAI computer aided instruction CAIP (United States) Community Adjustment and Investment Program CAIPE Centre for Advancement of Interprofessional Education CAIT computer aided inspection and test CAL computer assisted learning CAM camera CAM computer aided manufacturing CAMAC computer-automated measurement and control CAMELS capital, assets, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to risk CAMO Chief Administrative Medical Officer CAN cancel CAN computer nettwork attack CAN controller area network CANO Chief Area Nursing Officer CANP canister purge CAO computer aided organisation Cap capacitor CAP common agricultural policy CAP community action programme CAP computer access profile CAPD continued ambulatory peritoneal dialysis CAPO Chief Administrative Pharmaceutical Officer CAPP computer aided Process planning CAQ computer aided quality CAR corrective action request Carin car information system CAS number chemical abstracts service registry number CAS calibrated air speed CAS chemical abstracts service CAS Court of Arbitration for Sport (Lausanne, CH) CASE computer aided software engineering CASE computer aided systems engineering CASP critical appraisal skills programme CASPE clinical accountability service planning and evaluation specialist healthcare training group CASTL Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Linguistics (Tromsø, Norway) CAT clear air turbulence CAT computer aided test CAT computer aided testing CAT computer aided translation CAT computerised axial tomography CAT critically appraised topic CATS credit accumulated transfer scheme CAVDRI Collaboration agreement between veterinary drug registration institutions CAVP cryptographic algorithm validation programme CBA cost benefit analysis CBC cannabichromene CBC complete blood count CBD cannabidiol CBD community-based distribution CBF cerebral blood flow CBFV cerebral blood flow velocity CBL common business language cbm m3 cbm/h m3/h CBN cannabinol CBO Congressional Budget Office CBR Center for Bioenvironmental Research CBR Center for Business Research CBR Central Bank of the Russian Federation CBR constant bit rate CBR Cord Blood Registry (www.cordblood.com) CBR crude birth rate CBT computer based training CC carbon copy CC catalic converter CC Chief complaint CC chip carrier CC constant current CC critical care CC cruise control CCA calcium channel antagonist(s) CCA cold cranking amperage CCD charge coupled device CCD Chrysler collision detection CCD computer controlled dwell CCDC Consultant in Communicable Disease Control CCDF comparative crime data file (collection of cross-national criminal data) CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function CCDIC climate control driver information centre CCDS Canadian Centre for Drug-Free Sport CCE completed consultant episode CCEPP Cochrane Collaboration on Effective Professional Practice CCES Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport CCF crystal-induced chemotactic factor CCFP Certificant Member College of Family Physicians (Canada) CCGT combined cycle gas turbine CCH Commerce Clearing House (publisher) CCHP consumer choice health plan CCI commodity channel index CCIR Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications (replaced by ITU-R) CCITT Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique (replaced by ITU-T) CCK cholecystokinin CCM central control module CCO Chief Creating Officer CCOT cycling clutch orifice tube CCP climate control panel CCPIT People's Republic of China's patent authority CCR capacity constrained resource CCrCP cerebral critical closing pressure CCRM constant control relay module CCS coast clutch solenoid CCS cold cranking simulator CCSC Central Consultants and Specialists Committee CCSID coded character set identifier CCST Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training CCT compulsory competitive tendency CCT correlated color temperature CCTA coronary computed tomographic angiography CCTV closed circuit television CCU coronary care unit CCU coronary/cardiac care unit CCU critical care unit CCV closed-circuit voltage CCW counter clockwise cd candela CD capital directive CD certificate of deposit CD Clinical Director CD Clinical Directorate CD&E concepts, development and experimentation CDA Communications Decency ACT (US) CDB command descriptor block CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Centre for Disease Control CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention CDC certified development company CDDS Council of Dental Deans CDF channel definition format CDI capacitive discharge ignition (mc) CDI common rail direct injection (car) CDI core deposit intangibles CDM chronic disease management CDM clean development mechanism CDM common diagnostic model CDMA code-division multiple access CDO central dense overcast CDO Chief Dental Officer CDO Chief Development Officer CDP common depth point CDPD cellular digital packet data CDR Chrysler diagnostic readout CD-R compact disk - recordable CDRA character data representation architecture CD-ROM compact disk read-only memory CDRV crankcase depression regulator valve CD-RW compact disk - rewritable CDSC Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre CDSM Committee on Dental and Surgical Methods CDTA Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act (of 1988) CDU control and display unit CE Chief Executive CE commutator end CE high performance capillary electrophoresis CEA cost effectiveness analysis CEAB cold engine air bleed CEC cation-exchange capacity CEC core engine controller CEDAR central European environmental data request facility (UNEP) CEEP European Centre for Public Enterprise CEF continuing examination file CEL check engine lamp (replaced with MIL) CEN European Committee for Standardisation (FRE: Comité européen de normalisation) CEO Chief Engineering Officer CEO Chief Executive Officer CEPS common electronic purse specifications CER certified emission reduction Cert HSM Certificate in Health Services Management Cert.Gen.Av.Med Certificate of General Aviation Medicine Cert.Un.Med(RN) Certificate of Underwater Medicine of the Royal Navy CERTs Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics CF cardiac float(ing) CFC chlorofluorocarbon CFI central fuel injection (replaced with TBI) CFI cross fire injection CFL compact fluorescent lamp CFO Chief Financial Officer CFPIM certified in production and inventory management at fellow level CFR certified first responder CFR Code of Federal Regulations (US) CFR cost and freight CFRP carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (aka CRP) CFSA Certified Financial Services Auditor CGA common graphics array CGI combustible gas indicator CGI common gateway interface CGI computer generated imaging CHAMPUS Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services CHAOS common hierarchical access object system (aka UCB - universal content broker) CHARM consumer handbook on adjustable rate mortgages ChB Chirurgiae Baccalauareus (Bachelor of Surgery) CHB complete heart block CHC Community Health Centre CHC Community Health Council CHDGP connection of health data and general practice CHF congestive heart failure CHI closed head injury CHI Commission for Health Improvement CHI Community Health Index CHIME Centre for Health Informatics in Medical Education CHIMP Commission for Health Improvement CHIP Commission for Health Improvements CHIQ Centre for Health Information Quality ChM Chirurgiae Magister (Master of Surgery) CHMS Council for Heads of Medical Schools CHMU central health monitoring unit CHOPS cold heavy oil production with sand CHOU central health outcomes unit CHP combined heat and power CHS Canadian Hydrographic Service CHS Child Health Surveillance CHS cylinder, head and sector CHW wafer type check valve CI contour interval CIA Central Intelligence Agency (US) CIB computer integrated business CIC cable in conduit for buried distribution systems cic culpa in contrahendo (non- or pre-contractual liability) CID commercial item description CID cubic inch displacement CID cylinder identification CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIF cost, insurance and freight CIFS common Internet file system CIIL Common Instrument (or Control Intermediate) Interface Language CIIS confidential individual information system CIM common information model CIM computer integrated manufacturing CIO Chief Information Officer CIP carriage and insurance paid (to named destination) CIPA congenital insensitivity to pain CIPP cured-in-place pipe CIS TG communication and information systems task group CIS clinical information system CIS Commonwealth of Independent States (many of the former Soviet Republics) CISC complex instruction set computer CISC complex instruction set computing CISG United Nations convention (on contracts) for the international sale of goods (Vienna Sales Convention, 1980) CISO Chief Information Security Officer CISPR Comité International Spécial de Perturbations Radioélectriques CITES United Nations convention on international trade in endangered species CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CKO Chief Knowledge Officer CKP crankshaft position CKT circuit CL closed loop CLA centrifugal loading arm CLC converter lockup clutch (replaced with TCC) CLCC ceramic leaded chip carrier CLCC closed loop carburettor control C-level kundenivÃ¥ CLI Current Law Index (sponsored by AALL) CLib Cochrane Library CLIMP clinical information management programme CLM contract lifecycle management CLNT coolant CLO Cadet Liaison Officer CLO Chief Learning Officer CLO Chief Logistics Officer CLO Civilian Liaison Officer CLO Community Liaison Officer CLP cell loss priority CLP certified lender programme CLP classification labelling and packaging (of substances and mixtures) CLP commercial law and practice CLR cell loss ratio CLS cell launch system CLS clear the screen CLS closed loop support CLS container logistic support CLS continuous linked settlement CLS contract logistic support CLSP capacitated lot sizing problem CLSS combat logistic support system C-L-X® Continuous-Lightweight-Exterior. Welded and corrugated, impervious metallic sheathed cables CM Community Midwife CM continuous miner CMB Central Midwives Board CMC carboxymethylcellulose CMC critical micelle concentration CME continuing medical education CMFI central multi-port fuel injection CMG contract management group CMHC Community Mental Heath Centre CMHEC carboxymethyl, hydroxyethylcellulose CMHIS community health management information system CMHN Community Mental Handicap Nurse CMHT community mental health team CMM capability maturity model CMM colour management module CMM coordinate measuring machine CMMS case mix management system CMO Chief Marketing Officer CMO Chief Medical Officer CMO Clinical Medical Officer CMO collateralised mortgage obligation CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (a battery backed-up memory that holds data that is accessed by the BIOS-setup) CMP camshaft position CMP civil money penalty CMP Civilian Medical Practitioner CMP common midpoint CMP competitive medical plan CMR cargo movement request CMR consolidated maturity rate CMRO2 cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen CMRR common-mode rejection ratio CMS carboxymethyl starch CMS Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS content management system CMT constant maturity treasury rate CMV common-mode voltage CMVR common-mode voltage ratio CMY cyan, magenta, yellow CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow and black (key colour) CN Charge Nurse CN(2-12) cranial nerves 2 to 12 CNA Certified Nursing Assistants CNC computer numerically controlled CNO computer network operations CNORTG Commander Norwegian task group CNS central nervous system CNS Clinical Nurse Specialist CNS Community Nursing Service CNST clinical negligence scheme for trusts CO carbon monoxide CO Course Organiser CO2 carbon dioxide COB chip-on-board COB close of business COB coordination of benefits COBRA Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (an anti-dumping law) COC certificate of claim COC certificate of competency COC certificate of completion COD cash on delivery COD certificate of deposit COD chemical oxygen demand codec coder/decoder CODEC coder-decoder COE cab over engine COE certificate of eligibility CoE Council of Europe COFCAW combination of forward combustion and waterflooding COFI cost of funds index COG Council of Governments COGPED Committee of General Practice Education Directors COLA cost of living allowance COM common object model CON certificate of need Cond conductor CONQUEST computerised needs-oriented quality measurement evaluation system COO certificate of occupancy COO Chief Operating Officer COO Chief Operations Officer COP centre of projection COP coil on plug COPC community oriented primary care COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPDenD Conference of Postgraduate Dental Deans COPE Committee on Publication Ethics COPMED Conference of Postgraduate Medical Deans COPS cabin operator protective structure COQ cost of quality COTH Council of Teaching Hospitals COTS commercial off-the-shelf COTS commercial off-the-shelf (NOR: hyllevare) COX cyclooxyganase CP cathodic protection cP centipoise CP cerebral palsy CP chest pain CP code page CP crystalline pear CPA certified public accountant CPA Certified Public Accountant CPA certified public accounts CPA classification of products by activity CPA connector position assurance CPA cost per action (= CPT + CPS) (aka cost per acquisition) CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CPC central product classification CPC cost per case CPC cost per click-through CPCGN Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names CPCME Centre for Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education CPD continuous professional development CPE Chlorinated Polyethylene jacketing material CPEP clinical practice evaluation programme CPH Certificate in Public Health CPHA Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities CPHL Central Public Health Library CPI central port fuel injection CPI consumer price index CPI consumer price indices CPI continuous process improvement CPIM certified in production and inventory management Cpk a worst one-tailed process capability index CPK creatine phosphokinase CPL cost per lead (= CPC or CPT) CPLD complex PLD CPM certified purchasing manager CPM corporate performance management CPM cost per thousand (cost per mille; CPT = cost per transaction) CPM critical path method Cpm process capability measure similar to Cpk but with taguchi methods incorporated CPMG Carr, Purcell, Meiboom and Gill cycle of radio frequency pulses CPN Community Psychiatric Nurse CPO Certified Protection Officer CPO Chief Petty Officer CPO Chief Pharmaceutical Officer CPO Chief Privacy Officer CPO Chief Procurement Officer CPO Chief Product Officer CPO Chief Professional Officer CPO Chief Purchasing Officer CPOE computerised physician order entry CPOE computerised prescription order entry CPP cerebral perfusion pressure CPP clutch pedal position CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR customary, prevailing and reasonable CPS Canadian Power Squadron CPS central power supply cps characters per second CPS characters per second CPS cost per sale cps cycles per second CPSM Council for Professions Supplementary to Medicine CPSS Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems CPT carriage paid to CPT cost per transaction CPT current procedural terminology CPT-4 Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition CPU central processing unit CPV common procurement vocabulary CQE certified quality engineer CQFP ceramic quad flat pack CQI continuous quality improvement CQSW Certificate of Qualification of Social Work CQT certified quality technician CQuiPS Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety CR carriage return CR classification research (ASIS Special Interest Group) CR critical ratio CRA central retinal artery CRAG Clinical Research and Audit Group CRAGPIE Committee of Regional Advisers in General Practice Education CRB Criminal Records Bureau CRC Clinical Research Centre CRC control and reporting center CRC cyclic redundancy check CRCF Conference of Royal Colleges and their Faculties CrCP critical closing pressure CRD Centre for Reviews and Dissemination CREST Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team CRF connection related function CRF(VC) virtual channel connection related function CRI coloring rendering index CRM company resource management CRM crew resource management CRM crew resource mnagement CRM customer relations management CRM customer relationship management CRM customer resource management CRN collaborative research network CRN community response network CRN comparative research network CRNS collaborative research networks CRNS community response networks CRNS comparative research networkS CRP capacity requirements planning CRP carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (aka CFRP) CRP C-reactive proteine CRS Center for Resource Solutions CRS certified repair station CRS certified residential specialist CRS change request sheet CRS chemical reference substance CRS chemical registry system CRS child rebel soldier CRS chromium-reducible sulphur CRS chronic rhinosinusitis CRS clinical reference system(s) CRS coastal radio station (US DoD) CRS cold rolled steel CRS Colorado Revised Statutes CRS community rating system CRS computer reservation system CRS configuration report server CRS congressional research service CRS corrosion-resistant steel CRS craniosynostosis CRS Croatian register of shipping CRT cathode ray tube CRV central retinal vein CRV certificate of reasonable value CRV crew return vehicle CRVS California Relative Value Studies CS cable select CS certificate service CS charging system CS clinical supply CS combat support CS corticosteroid CS cross-serrated CSA Canadian Standards Association (An independent organisation which implements and monitors the commercial and consumer electrical product standards. The CSA assures compliance to the Canadian Electrical Code.) CSA Controlled Substances Act CSAC Credit Standards Advisory Committee CSAG Clinical Standards Advisory Group CSASHS Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service CSC container service charge CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, now OSCE CSCW Center for the Study of Civil War CSD circuit switched data CSE GND PCM case ground CSEC Corporate Specialist Education Committee CSF cerebral spinal fluid CSI current source inverter CSM Committee on the Safety of Medicines CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access/collision detection CSO Chief Scientist Office CSO Chief Security Officer CSO Chief Staff Officer CSO Chief Strategic Officer CSP Chartered Society of Physiotherapy CSP continuous sampling plan CSPE Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene compound (Okolon) used for jackets and low voltage insulation CSR corporate social security CSRSS client server runtime process (Windows) CSS cascading style sheet CSS Certificate of Satisfactory Service CSS combat service support CSS cyclic steam injection cSt centistoke CT CAT scan (computed (axial) tomography) CT coiled tubing CT compressor turbine CT computed tomography CT computer tomography CT control transformer CT Designation given to cables meeting UL requirements for cable tray use CTA clear to auscultation CTA computed tomographic angiography CTA computed tomography angiogram CTC Centralised Traffic Control Code Line cable CTD circling the drain CTD close to death CTD common technical document (format) CTE coefficient of thermal expansion CTM clinical trial management CTO Chief Technical Officer CTO Chief Training Officer CTO combined transport operator CTO Technology Officer CTP closed throttle position (switch) CTR certified thrift regulator CTR click-through rate (NOR: klikkerate) CTS coolant temperature sensor CTU cargo transfer unit CU Casualties Union CUA common user access cURL client URL library CV coefficient of variation CV constant velocity CV constant voltage CV curriculum vitae CVA cerebrovascular accident CVA costovertebral angle (flank) CVC card validation code (MasterCard) CVC central venous catheter CVC2 3-digit code on the back of MasterCard credit and debit cards (aka credit card security code) CVCP Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals CVE continuous vocational education CVP central venous pressure CVR cerebral vascular resistance CVS concurrent version system CVV card verification value (Visa) CVV2 3-digit code on the back of Visa credit and debit cards (aka credit card security code) CW carrier wave CW clockwise CW continuous wave CW/CCW clockwise/counter clockwise CWA Clean Water Act (US) CWC chemical weapons convention CWCMC continuously welded corrugated MC cable (UL's designation for Okonite's 600 volt C-L-X marine shipboard cable) CWO Chief Warrant Officer CWQC company wide quality control CWQI company-wide quality improvement CWS control wheel steering CXR chest X-ray CYA cover your ass (protect yourself from medico-legal risk) CZE capillary zone electrophoresis D desirability D&B Dun & Bratstreet D&O Directors and Officers D/A digital-to-analogue D/C diarrhoea/constipation D/C discharge D/C discontinue D0 overall desirability D50 5000 degrees Kelvin D5W dextrose 5% in water DA District Attorney DA District Attorney (GB: public prosecutor) DAA designated approved authority DAB delayed accessory bus DAB digital audio broadcasting DAC Development Assistance Committee DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DAC digital-to-analogue converter DACL discretionary access control list DAF delivered at frontier DAF Director Of Agency Functions DALI digital addressable lighting interface DALI digital adressable lighting interface DALY disability adjusted life years DAQ data acquisition DARE database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness DARPA Defense Advanced Research Agency DARS deployable ARS DAS data-acquisition system DAS domain administration server DAT digital audio tape DAT dynamic address translation DAWN drug abuse warning Network dB decibel dBa decibels adjusted DBA decibels on A-weighted scale DBCS double-byte character set DBMS database management system DBP diatstolic blood pressure DBTT ductile-to-brittle transition temperature DC dendritic cell DC dentridic cells DC direct current DC disconnect DC1 device control 1 DC2 device control 2 DC3 device control 3 DC4 device control 4 DCAF Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Centre in Geneva, CH) DCCH Diploma of Community Child Health DCDCA Domestic Chemical Diversion and Control Act (of 1993) DCH Diploma of Child Health DCI colour Doppler imaging DCK derived cipher key DCO digitally controlled oscillator DCP Diploma in Clinical Pathology DD data directory DD developmental disability DD directional driller DD drilling detergent DDD defined daily dose DDD drug dose per day (Assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults) DDE dynamic data exchange DDL data definition language DDL digital delay line DDLT demand during lead time DDM difference depth modulation DDP delivered duty paid DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DDR double data rate (DDR SDRAM) DDRB Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration Review Body DDRR Disarmament Demobilization Rehabilitation and Reintegration DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDU delivered duty unpaid DDX differential diagnosis DE drive end DEA data envelopment analysis DEA diethanolamine DEA Drug Enforcement Administration DEA drug enforcement agency DEB Dental Estimates Board DEC digital electronic controller DECT digital enhanced cordless telecommunication DEL Diesel Electric Locomotive and car wiring with Okonite insulation and Okolon jacket DEM digital elevation model DEO diesel engine oil DEP data execution prevention DEQ delivered ex quay (duty paid) DER Daily Report for Executives (publication of BNA) DERM diagnostic energy reserve module DES data encryption standard (Encryption algorithm, 1977) DES delivered ex ship DES diethyl stilbestrol DET diethyltryptamine DF Director of Finance DFA design for assembly DFD data-flow diagrams DfE design for the environment DFFP Diploma of the Faculty of Family Planning DFI direct fuel injection DFM design for manufacturability DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada) DFT demand flow technology DFT density functional theory DFX design for X (X being the goal or attribute of your choice) DG directional gyroscope DG directorates-general (The staff of the main institutions of the EU. They are the Commission, Council and Parliament) DGH District General Hospital DGIS direct graphic interface standard DGM District General Manager DGR dangerous goods DGT Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission DH Department of Health DHA District Health Authority DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol DHE dihydroergotamine (an anti-migraine drug) DHE-45 dihydroergotamine (another term for DHE - an anti-migraine drug) DHHS Department of Health and Human Services DHMSA Diploma in the History of Medicine of the Society of Apothecaries of London DHT dihydrotestosterone DI direct inject DI distributor ignition Dia diameter DIC dead in car DIC document identifier code DIC driver information centre DICE disseminating information on clinical effectiveness DIDC Depository Institutions Deregulation Committee DIDRA Depository Institutions Disaster Relief Act Of 1992 DIGEST digital information geographic exchange standard DIMM dual in-line memory module Dip.A Diploma in Anaesthetics Dip.Ger,Med Diploma in Geriatric Medicine Dip.G-Um Diploma in Genito-Urinary Medicine Dip.Obst Diploma in Obstetrics Dip.Obst.RCOG Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dip.Paed. Diploma in Paediatrics Dip.Uro Diploma in Urology Dip.Ven Diploma in Veneology DipDerm Diploma in Dermatology DipHSM Diploma in Health Services Management DipHSW Diploma in Health and Social Welfare DipSW Diploma in Social Work DIS direct (distributorless) ignition system (replaced with EI) DISA Data Interchange Standards Association DISP developing information system for purchasers DIST distributor DKA diabetic ketoacidosis DLC data link connector DLE data link escape DLE dry low emission DLL dynamic link library DLO Diesel Locomotive and car wiring with Okolon insulation DLO Diploma in Laryngology and Otology DLPI data link provider interface DM direct marketing DM dynamic volume DMA 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine DMA direct memory access DMAP DECT multimedia access profile DMC District Medical Committee DMCC Diploma in Medical Care in Catastrophes DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine DME distance measuring equipment DMF dual-mass flywheel DMI desktop management information DMI desktop management interface DML data manipulation language DMO dip moveout DMO Disease Management Organization DMO District Medical Officer DMRD Diploma in Medical Radio Diagnosis DMT dimethyltryptamin DMT discrete multitone DMU directly managed unit DMX digital multiplexed DMZ demilitarised zone DN District Nurse DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DNC direct numerically controlled DND Department of National Defence (Canada) DNG digital negative DNI do not intubate (similar to DNR) DNR do not resuscitate DNS Director of Nursing Services DNS domain name server DNS domain name system DO Diploma in Opthalmology DO Diploma in Osteopathy DO Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (US); Osteopath (all other countries) DO Doctor of Osteopathy DOA dead on arrival DOB 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine DOB date of birth DOE design of experiments DOE Director Of Examinations DOE dyspnea on exertion DOGPE Director of General Practice Education DoH Department of Health DOH Dept. of Health DOHC double overhead cam DOL data output line DOL Departament of Labor (US) DOL direct online DOL direct online (starter) DOL direct output line DOM 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine DOM document object model DoS denial of service DOS disk operating system DOT Department of Transport (Canada) DP distal pulses DP dorsalis pedis pulse DP drip proof DPA Data Protection Act DPBL digital power bay logic DPCSD UN's Department for policy coordination and sustainable development DPFE differential pressure feedback EGR DPH Diploma in Public Health DPH Director of Public Health DPI dots per inch DPI dual plug inhibit DPM digital power module DPMSA Diploma in the Philosophy of Medicine of the Society of Apothecaries of London DPO Data Protection Officer DPO disabled people’s organization DPOA durable power of attorney DPOs disabled people’s organizations DPR Directorate Performance Review DPR distributed programme reliability DPRS DECT packet radio service DPRS Derogatis prychiatric rating scale DPRS Directors' and Producers' Rights Society DPS Dental Practice Board DPW Department of Public Works (Canada) DQM data quality management Dr. Doctor DRABC danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation DRAM dynamic RAM DRB diagnostic readout box DRCGP Diploma of the Royal College of General Practitioners DRCOG Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology DRG Diagnosis Related Group DRG Diagnosis-Related Group DRI direct reduced iron DRL daytime running lamps DRM digital rights management DRP distribution requirements planning DRS Dental Reference Service DRT dead right there DRTSF dead right there, squashed flat DSA digital subtraction angiography DSA Direct SElling Association DSH Disproportionate Share Hospital DSL digital subscriber line DSL domestic substances list DSO data source object DSP data service profile DSP digital signal processing DSP digital signal processor DSS decision support system DSS deep seismic sounding DSS downshift solenoid DST drillstem test DSU day surgery unit dT tetanus booster with diptheria booster DTC diagnostic trouble code DTD document type definition DTF demand time fence DTHC diversified thrift holding company DTL details (regulates the sharpness of video images) DTM diagnostic test mode DTM&H Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene DTMF dual tone multi frequency DTR deep tendon reflex DTWM degenerate two-wave mixing DU depleted uranium DUB dysfunctional uterine bleeding DUI driving under the influence (intoxicated) DUR Drug Utilization Review DURG Drug utilization research group DV Deo volente (if God will) DV dependent variable DVC digital vibration controller DVD digital versatile disc DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine DVOM digital volt-ohmmeter DVS dynamic volume support DVT deep vein thrombosis DW data warehouse DWAI driving while ability impaired DWI driving while intoxicated DWT dead weight tons DWT deep well thermometer DX diagnosis E&C entertainment and comfort E&O errors and omissions (insurance) E-1 Color sequences for utility conductor identification, see Appendix E, Table E-1, ICEA Standards E-2 Color sequence for industrial conductor identification, see Appendix E, Table E-2, ICEA Standards E4OD electronic 4-speed overdrive EA European co-operation for Accreditation EAA European Accounting Association (public. EA Review) EAC electronic air control (replaced with AIR) EAC environmentally assisted cracking EACV electronic air control valve EAF electrical arc furnace EAIR electronic secondary air injection EAN European Article Numbering Association EAP employee assistance programme EAS equivalent air speed EAS European accident statement EAV electroni air control EB Encyclopedia Britannica EBCM electronic brake control module EBD electronic brake-force distribution EBD evidence-based dentistry EBES European Board for EDIFACT Standards EBL evidence-based learning EBM evidence-based medicine EBMT example-based machine translation EBP evidence-based practice EBP exhaust backpressure EBR electronic batch recording EBR European Business Register EBR extended boot record EBTCM electronic brake and traction control module EBU European Broadcast Union EC emergency contraception EC energy conserving EC European Community ECA electronic control assembly (replaced with PCM) ECAM electronic centralised aircraft monitor ECB European Central Bank ECBS European Committee for Banking Standards ECC electronic climate control ECC emergency cardiovascular care ECC error checking and correcting ECC error correction code (or error correcting code) ECD equivalent circulating density ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECF eosinophil chemotactic factor ECF extended care facility ECG electrocardiogram ECHR European Convention on Human Rights ECHR European Court of Human Rights ECHR European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg) ECI electronically controlled injection ECI extended compressor at idle ECJ European Court of Justice (Luxembourg) (Also EuGH) ECL emitter coupled logic ECLIP electronic commerce legal issue platform ECM electronic clutch management ECM electronic control module ECM engine control module ECM enterprise contract management ECM error correcting mode ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association ECML electronic commerce modeling language ECN engineering change notice ECO engineering change order ECP emergency contraception pill ECP enhanced capabilities port ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes ECR engineering change request ECR error cause removal ECR extra-contractual referral ECS electronic control system ECS electronically controlled suspension ECS emission control system ECS evaporation control system ECSC European Coal and Steel Community ECT engine coolant temperature sensor (or switch) ECTS European credit transfer and accumulation system (education, studies) ECU electronic control unit ECU engine control unit ECU European Currency Unit ED Emergency department ED existence doubtful ED extra density EDA extensive dilatancy anisotropy EDB engineering database EDC electronic data capture EDC European documentation centre EDC Europeean delivery centre EDD earliest due date EDDLT expected demand during lead-time EDGE enhanced data range for GSM evolution EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution EDI electronic data interchange EDIFACT electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport EDIINT electronic data interchange-internet integration EDIPRO EDI and trade procedures EDIS electronic direct ignition system (replaced with EI) EDM electronic distance measuring EDM electronic document management EDMS electronic data management system EDMS electronic document management system EDO extended data output (EDO RAM) EDP electronic data processing EDP emotionally disturbed person EDQM European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines EDRA European digital road map association EDS examination data system EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid EEA European Economic Area EEA European Environment Agency EEB European Environmental Bureau EEC electronic engine control EEC electronic engine control (system) EEC European Economic Community EEC evaporative emission control (system) EECS electronic engine control system EECS evaporative emissions control system Eeff effective electric field (strength) EEG electroencephalogram EEIG European Economic Interest Grouping EENT ears, eyes, nose, throat EEO equal employment opportunity EEPROM electrically erasable PROM EEPROM electronically erasable programmable read-only memeory EER energi efficiency rating EER energy efficiency ratio EEVIR evaporator equalised values in receiver EEZ exclusive economic zone EF electric field EF energy factor EFE early fuel evaporation EFE early fuel evaporation (system) EFES early fuel evaporation system EFI electronic fuel injection EFIS electronic flight instrument system EFL external financing limit EFMI European Federation for Medical Informatics EFQM European foundation for quality management EFS encrypting file system EFSA European Food Safety Authority EFT electronic funds transfer EFT enhanced file transfer EFTA European Free Trade Association EFTPOS electronic funds transfer at the point of sale EFTS electronic funds transfer system EGAV electronic gas admission valve EGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate EGI electronic gasoline injection EGO exhaust gas oxygen (replaced with O2S) EGO exhaust gas oxygen (sensor) EGOG EGO ground EGOS exhaust gas oxygen sensor EGP exterior routing protocol EGR TVV exhaust gas recirculation thermal vacuum valve EGR exhaust gas recirculation EGR exhaust gas recirculation (valve) EGRC exhaust gas recirculation control EGRT exhaust gas recirculation temperature (switch) EGRV exhaust gas recirculation vent EGT exhaust gas temperature EGTA esophageal gastric tube airway EGTS exhaust gas temperature switch (replaced with EGRT) EHMA European Healthcare Management Association EHR electronic health record EHRR European human rights reports (decisions of the ECHR) EHS environment, health and safety EHS Environmental Health & Safety Dept. (US) EHS extremely hazardous substance EHSQ environment, health, safety and quality EI electronic ignition (includes distributorless ignition system, formerly DIS) EI employee involvement EIB European installation bus (now: KNX) EIDE enhanced IDE EIE electronic information exchange EIM electronic information management EIN engine identification number EINECS The European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances EIPA educational interpreter performance assessment EIS executive information system EISA extended industry standard architecture EITO European Information TEchnology Observatory EJIL European Journal of International Law EKG electrocardiogram ELAC The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ELAN emulated local area network ELBA emergency locator beacon aircraft ELC electronic level control ELC Employee Learning Centre ELCB earth leakage circuit breaker ELCB earth-leakage circuit breaker (are being replaced by RCDs) ELF extremely low frequency ELINCS European List of Notified Chemical Substances ELM Encyclopedia of the Labour Movement EM end of medium EMAS Employment Medical Advisory Service EMB electromagnetic brakes EMB embedded motherboard EMD electromechanical dissociation (now PEA) EMD Emergency Medical Doctor EMEA Europe, Middle East and Africa EMEA European Medicines Evaluation Agency EMF electric and magnetic field EMF electromagnetic field EMF electromotive field EMF electromotive force EMFD electromagnetic field disturbance EMFD electro-magneto-fluid dynamics EMI electromagnetic interference EMR Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) EMR electronic medical record EMR electronic module retard EMR emission maintenance reminder EMS Emergency Medical Services EMS Emergency Medical Services (pre-hospital personnel) EMS engine management system EMS environmental management system EMS European monetary system EMS-C Emergency Medical Services for Children EMSI Emergency Medical Services Instructor EMT Emergency Medical Technician EMT-A ambulance EMT-AD automatic defibrillator EMTALA Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (an anti-dumping law) EMT-B basic EMT-CC critical care EMT-CT cardiac tech EMT-D defibrillator EMT-I intermediate EMT-M MAST (PA) EMT-P paramedic EMT-ST shock trauma EMT-T EMT-tactical EMT-W wilderness EMT EMV ease of movement value EMV Europay, MasterCard, Visa EMV Europay-MasterCard-Visa ENB English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Encl enclosure ENP Emergency Nurse Practitioner ENQ enquiry ENT ear, nose and throat EOA esophageal obturator airway EOD (date) entered on duty EOD explosive ordnance disposal EOH ending on-hand inventory EOH ethyl alcohol EOMI extra-ocular movements intact EOQ economic order quantity EOQ European Organisation for Quality EOR enhanced oil recovery EOT end of transmission EOT engine oil temperature EOX extractable organohalogens EP ectopic pregnancy EP electrophysiology EP emergency physician EP extreme pressure EPA environmental protection agency EPA Environmental Protection Agency (US) EPA exclusive provider arrangement EPC electronic power control EPC electronic pressure control EPC electrostatic powder coating EPC European Payments Council EPC Evidence-Based Practice Center EPD extended position description EPER European pollutant emission register EPhMRA European pharmaceutical market research association EPHR electronic patient health record EPJ electronic patient journal EPLD erasable programmable logical device EPLS economic production lot size EPO erythropoietin EPP enhanced parallel port EPR electronic patient record EPR Ethylene Propylene Rubber insulating compound EPR exhaust pressure regulator EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory EPS earnings per share EPS electronically controlled power steering EPS EPS expanded polystyrene EPS extra-pyramidal symptoms EPSDT early and periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment programme EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential (depolarisation) EPT EGR pressure transducer (replaced with PFE) EQ equaliser EQA European quality award EQUIP Effectiveness and Quality in Practice Group ER emergency room ERD emergency recovery (or repair) disk ERD Evaluative Reports Database ERI equity risk investment ERISA Employee Retirement Income Security Act ERM enterprise resource management ERM enterprise resources management ERM exchange rate mechanism (EC) ERP effective radiated power ERP enterprise resource planning ERP error recovery procedure ERP European Recovery Programme ERU emission reduction unit ERW electric resistance welded ES electrical stability ESA EFTA Surveillance Authority ESA European system of (national and regional) accounts ESC electronic spark control ESC escape ESC European Social and Economic Committee (EU-body) ESC European Social Charter ESC Executive Steering Committee ESD electrostatic discharge ESD emergency stop device ESG electric shift gearbox ESIS European chemical substances information system ESL extended shelf life ESP electric submersible pump ESP electronic stability programme ESP encapsulating security payload ESR elektron spinn resonans ESRD end stage renal disease ESSE educational sign skills evaluation EST electronic spark timing ET endotracheal ET expenditure target ETA estimated time of arrival ETB end of trans. block ETC electronic temperature control ETC electronic toll collection ETC electronic traction control ETCC electronic touch climate control ETD estimated time of departure ETFE ethylene tetrofluoroethylene ETI endotracheal intubation ETL extraction, transformation and loading ETOH ethyl alcohol (ethanol) ETPC education and training programme in informatics management and technology for Clinicians ETR electronically tuned receiver ETT endotracheal tube ETT exercise treadmill test ETX end of text EU European Union EuGH European Court of Justice (Luxembourg) (Also ECJ) Euratom European Atomic Energy Community EVAP evaporative emission EVB exhaust valve brake EVIC electronic vehicle information centre EVM earned value management EVM earned value memory EVM earned value module EVM eddy-viscosity model EVM embedded virtual machine EVM entry voice mail EVM error vector magnitude EVM evaluation module EVM extended verification module EVO electronic vehicle orifice EVP EGR valve position EVR EGR vacuum regulator EVR electro vacuum relay EW emergency ward EWC European Works Council EWMA exponentially weighted moving average EXH exhaust EXW ex works F/L full-load F/U follow-up FACC Fellow of the American College of Cardiology FACCT Foundation for Accountability FAH Federation of American Hospitals FAHQT fully automatic high quality translation FAME financial asset management and engineering FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FAQ frequently asked question(s) FAS final assembly schedule FAS free alongside ship FAT file allocation table FB foreign body FBB folding box board FBC feedback carburettor FC fan control FCA fiber channel adapter FC-AL fiber channel arbitrated loop FCC face-cantered cubic FCC Federal Communications Commission FCC flat conductor cable FCE finished consultant episode FCFS first come first serve FCL full container load FCOphth Fellow of the College of Ophthalmologists FCS finite capacity scheduling FCSHK Fellow of the College of Surgeons of Hong Kong FCT flexible conveyor system FCVC flow controlled virtual channel FD Fire Department FD flight indicator FD frequency domain FDA Food and Drug Administration (US) FDBK feedback FDC fuel data centre FDGB fall down go boom FDM frequency-division multiplexing FDR functional divergence ratio FDSRCSEng Fellow in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons in England FDTL Fund for the Development of Teaching and Learning FED federal FEDSA Federation of Direct Selling Associations FEDSTATS Federaø statistics (The gateway to statistics from over 100 U.S. Federal agencies) FEHP Federal Employees Health Benefits Program FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (US) FEMA Federation of European Motorcyclists Associations FEMA Film and Electronic Media Association (City of London, Ontario Canada) FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene insulation and jacket compound FESE Federation of European Securities Exchanges FET field effect transistor FEW federal employed women FF flexible fuel FF forced flow FF form feed FF NP form feed, new page FF&E furniture, fixtures and equipment FFARCS Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetics of the Royal College of Surgeons FFDRCS Fellow of the Faculty of Dental Surgery Royal College of Surgeons FFT fast Fourier transform FFV flexible fuel vehicle FG flux-gate FHom Faculty of Homeopathy FHR fetal heart rate FHR first hour rating FHS Family Health Services FHSA Family Health Services Authority FHT fetal heart tones FI flame ionisation FI fuel injection FIB flying inflatable boat FIBV Federation of International Stock Exchanges FICA Federal Insurance Contributions Act FICO financing corporation FICS Fellow of the International College of Surgeons FID flame ionisation detection FIDH International Federation for Human Rights FIFO først inn-først out FIFO first in first out FIFO for first in, first out FIPL fuel injection pump lever FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard (US) FISIM financial intermediation services indirectly measured FIT fingerprint image transfer FITR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FITTA fixed term training appointment FIWG financial Internet working group (part of the IST in the EC; formerly Financial Issues Working Group) FL flat line FLP flameproof FLSA Fair Labor Standards Act FM facilities management FM Field Manager FMBA financial management and business analysis FMC flexible machining centre FMEA failure mode effects analysis FMECA failure mode effect and criticality analysis (same as FMEA) FMEM failure mode effects management FMG Foreign Medical Graduate FML fibre metal laminate FMLP N-Formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine FMS flexible manufacturing system FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FNMA Federal National Mortgage Association FNP Family Nurse Practitioner FO fibre optic FOB free on board FOB freight on board FOE factory overall efficiency FOG fibre optic giro FOI freedom of information FOM Faculty of Occupational Medicine of Royal College of Physicians FOPS falling object protective structure FOS full of stool (constipated) FP Family Physician FP fuel pump FPA Family Planning Association FPharmM Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine FPHM Faculty of Public Health Medicine FPL federal poverty level FPL Power limited Fire Protective Signal Cable (NEC Art. 760) FPLA field programmable logic array FPM fuel pump monitor FPO firm planned order FPPP protection and prevention plan FPRC fuel pressure regulator circuit FPS Family Planning Services FPS Family Practitioner Services FQHC Federally Qualified Health Center FR Federal Register (US) FRA Federal Railroad Administration (US) FRA forward rate agreement FRC forced FRCA Fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists FRCGP Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners FRCO Fellow of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists FRCOG Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCP(Ed) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh FRCP(Glasg) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Glasgow FRCPath Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists FRCPCH Fellow of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health FRCPE Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of England FRCPI Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland FRCPS(Glasg) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow FRCPsych Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists FRCR Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons FRCS(Ed) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh FRCS(Glasg) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow FRCSE Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England FRCSI Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland FRF fire resistant fluid FRFPSG Fellow of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow FRIPHH Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene FRMR Flame Retardant, Moisture Retardant FRSH Fellow of the Royal Society of Health FRU field replaceable unit FS file separator FSB front side bus FSH follicle stimulating hormone FSI Financial Stability Institute FSK frequency shift key FSO file system object FSTC financial services technology consortium FT field tape FT Fourier transform FT frequency transformer FT fuel trim ft.lb. foot-pound Ft.Lb. foot-pound FTA fault tree analysis FTA flexible training adviser FTC Federal Trade Commission FTE full time equivalent FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectrometry FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTP file transfer protocol FTZ free trade zone FU follow-up FUNI frame-based user-to-network interface FV flux-valve FWATAG Flexible Working and Training Advisory Group FWD front wheel drive FWKO free-water knockout (aka three-phase separator FX effect(s) Fx fracture FY fiscal year FYI for your information G&A general and administrative (expenses) G6PD deficiency glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency G6PD glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase GA gage GAAP generally accepted accounting practices GAAP generally accepted accounting principles GAAP generally accepted accounting principles (Nor: GRS) GAAS generally accepted auditing standards GAO general accounting office GAP Gender Advocacy Programme, South Africa GAP generic access profile GARCH generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity GB gigabyte(s) GB Great Britain GBP Britisch pounds (£) GBP good business practice GBV gender based violence GC gas chromatography GC/MS GC/mass spectrmetry GC/MS/MS GC/tandem mass spectrometry GCA global chip-card alliance GCA ground control approach GCP generator control panel GCP good clinical practice regulations GCS Glasgow coma scale GCW gross combination weight GDC General Dental Council GDP General Dental Practitioner GDP gross domestic product GDS General Dental Services GDT gas discharge tube GEA gender education and advocacy GEA generating evaluative arguments GEA global environmental assessment GEM graduated-equity mortgage GEN generator GENECIS general clinical information system GFC generic flow control GFCF gross fixed capital formation GFCI ground-fault circuit interrupter GFR glomerular filtrate rate GFR glomerular filtration rate GFR ground fault relay GFSK Gaussian frequency shift key GG gas generator GGSN gateway GPRS service node GH growth hormone Gh4C1 cells cultivated cells from rat pituitary gland GHAA Group Health Association of America GHB gamma-hydroxybutyrate GHD Good Humanitarian Donorship GHDI Good Humanitarian Donorship Initiative GHS globally harmonised system (of classification and labelling of chemicals) GI gastrointestinal GIMP GNU image manipulation programme GIP DECT/GSM interworking profile GIS geographic information system GIT global information technology GITM global information technology management GLARE glass-fibre reinforced aluminium GLC gas-liquid chromatography GLONASS global navigation satellite system ("Russian GPS") GLP good laboratory practice (regulations) GLR gas/liquid ratio GM gene modified GM General Motors GMC General Medical Council GMCH graphics and memory controller hub GMDN Global Medical Device Nomenclature GME Graduate Medical Education GMP General Medical Practitioner GMP good manufacturing practice GMP good manufacturing practice regulations GMS General Medical Services GMSC General Medical Services Committee GMSK Gaussian minimum-shift keying GMT Greenwich mean time or Greenwich meridian time GND ground (US) (GB: earth) GNI gross national income (formerly GNP) GNP gross national product (now GNI) GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone GNSS global navigation satellite system GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix" GOA gone on arrival GOC gas-oil contact GOMER get out of my emergency room (patient with multiple medical problems). GOP General Optical Council GOR gas/oil ratio GOS General Opthalmic Service GOS Glasgow outcome scale GOsC General Osteopathic Council GP general practice GP General Practitioner GP grand prix GPASS general practice administration system Scotland GPCR G protein-coupled receptor GPFC General Practice Finance Corporation GPFH General Practice Fund Holder GPM graduated payment mortgage GPMSS general practice minimum system specification GPRS general packet radio service GPRS global positioning radiometric scanner GPS global positioning system GPT general professional training GPTS geomagnetic polarity time scale GPWS ground proximity warning system GR gamma ray GS glide slope GS ground speed GS group separator GSW gun shot wound GT group technology Gtts drops per minute GU genito-urinary GUD genital ulcer disease GUI graphic user interface (pronounced "gooey") GUI graphical user interface (pronounced goo-ee) GUID globally unique identifier GUM genito-urinary medicine GVA general valuation allowance GVWR gross vehicle weight rating GWC General Whitely Council H & P history and physical H hydrogen H. height H/CMPR high compression H2O water H2S hydrogen sulfide HA Health Authority HACCP hazard analysis and critical control points HAI HelpAge International HAL hardware abstraction layer HALT highly accelerated life testing HAMT human-aided machine translation HAS Health Advisory Service HASHD hypertensive arteriosclerotic heart disease HAZ health action zone HAZMAT hazardous material HB Health Board HBG Health Benefit Group HBI hot briquetted iron HBOC hyperbaric oxygen chamber HBP held by production HBPM home blood pressure monitoring HC Health Council HC hydrocarbons HCAG Hospital Consultants Advisory Group HCBS Home- and Community-based Services HCEU healthcare evaluation unit HCFA Health Care Finance Administration (US) HCFA Health Care Financing Administration HCI hydrochloric acid HCL hardware compatibility list HCO3 bicarbonate HCP hexagonal close-packed HCS human capital services HCSC Hospital and Community Health Services HCSC National Health Services Corps HCTZ hydrochlorothiazide HCUP-QIs healthcare cost and utilisation project quality indicators HD heavy duty HDA Health Development Agency HDC heavy duty cooling HDD hard(-)disk drive HDG heading HDL high-density lipoprotein HDM hardware device module HDPE high density polyethylen HDR high dynamic range HDSL high-speed digital subscriber line HE health education HE higher education HE hydroxyethyl HEA Health Education Authority HEBS Health Education Board for Scotland HEC header error check HEC hydroxyethylcellulose HEDIS health plan employer data and information set HEFCE Higher Education Funding Council for England HEGO heated EGO (replaced with HO2S) HELMIS Health Management Information Service HEMS Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (UK) HEO Health Education Officer HEPA high efficiency particulate air (filter/mask, throwaway) HERV human endogenous retrovirus HES hospital episode statistics HETRA Herold Translations HEV hybrid electric vehicle HEVAC heating, ventillation, air conditioning (se også HVAC) HF high frequency HF hydrofluoric acid HFC high fan control HFEA Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority HFMA Healthcare Financial Management Association HFP high fuel pump Hg mercury HGAC Human Genetics Advisory Commission HGRI (National) Human Genome Research Institute HGS high-gravity solids HHFCE household final consumption expenditure HHP hydraulic horsepower HHS (Department of) Health and Human Services HHS Health and Human Services HHS Hunt and Hess scale HHV higher heating value Hi Alt high altitude HIAA Health Insurance Association of America HIBCC Health Index Bar Code Council HICP harmonised index of consumer prices HID high intensity discharge HID human interface device HImP Health Improvement Programme (formerly HIP) HIP human interface parser HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPC Health Insurance Purchasing Cooperative HIPC highly indebted poor country HIPPS high integrity pressure protection system HIS hospital information system HISS hospital information and support system HIV human immunodeficiency virus HJSC Hospital Junior Staff Committee HL Designation given to MC cables meeting NEC and UL requirements for use in Division 1 hazardous locations. (MC-HL) HL high-level HL7 health level 7 HLL high-level language HLOS hardware limited operating strategy HLT highly leveraged transaction HMDA Home Mortgage Disclosure Act HMI human machine interface HMI human-machine interface (also used as MMI = man-machine int.) HMO Health Maintenance Organization HMR hospital medical record HMSA health manpower shortage area HMT higher medical training HMU health monitoring unit HMW-NCF high-molecular-weight neutrophil chemotactic factor HNA High North Alliance HNS host nation support HO high output HO home office HO House Officer HO2S heated oxygen sensor HOLA Home Owners' Loan Act HOQ house of quality HP high pressure HP high-pressure HP horse power hp horsepower HP hydroxypropyl HPE higher professional education HPERU health policy and economic research unit HPF high pass filter HPHT high-pressure, high-temperature HPI history of present illness HPL high pressure liquid HPLC high pressure liquid cromatography HPLC hybrid polymer liquid crystal HPS high performance system HPTA hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis (or: hypothalamus-pituitary-testes axis) HPTLC high performance thin layer chromatography HPV high production volume HPV high-pressure vapour HPV human papillomavirus HPV human powered vehicle HPZ hearing protection zone HQ headquarters HQHQ healthcare quality head quarters HR Human Right(s) HRA Health and Regulatory Affairs HRA Human Rights Act HRC high resolution chromatography HRF histamine-releasing factor HRG healthcare resource group HRM human resource management HRM human resources management HRQL health related quality of life HRRR heart regular rate and rhythm HRSA Health Resources & Services Administration HRW Human Rights Watch HSA Health Service Area HSA Health Systems Agency HSAC Health Service Advisory Committee HSC Health Service Commissioner HSC high swirl combustion HSCSD high-speed circuit switched data HSDPA high-speed downlink packet access HSDU hospital sterile and disinfection unit HSE Health and Safety Executive HSE health, safety and environment (regulations, safety data sheet) HSG health service guidance HSH Federation of Norwegian commerce and service enterprises HSHR Human Strategies for Human Rights HSI health service indicators HSI horizontal situation indicator HSIS hazardous substances information system HSJ Health Service Journal HSS high speed steal HSS high static strength HSS home subscriber server HSS hospital for special surgery HSS humanities and social sciences HSSE health, safety, security and the environment HST higher surgical training HSV herpes simplex virus (-1 or -2) HT high-temperature HT horizontal tabulator HT human translation Ht. height HTA health technology assessment HTM high technology medicine HTML hypertext marker language HTN hypertension HTT hyper-threading technology HTTP hypertext transfer protocol (Written by Tim Berners-Lee and first implemented on the web in 1991 as ver. 0.9) HUD Department Of Housing And Urban Development HUD heads up display HUD holdup depth HUDOC Database of the case-law of the supervisory organs of the European Convention on Human Rights HUMINT human source intelligence HURIDOCS Human rights information and documentation systems HV health visitor HV hybrid vehicle HVAC heater-vent-air conditioning (Nor: VVS) HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning (filter) HVACM heater-vent-air conditioning module HVI high viscosity index (Typically from 80 to 100 VI units) HVM heater vent module HWC heavy-weight coated HWDP heavyweight drillpipe Hx history HZ hazard zone Hz Hertz I/M inspection maintenance I/P instrument panel IAATM International Association for Accident and Traffic Medicine IAC idle air control IADB nter-American Development Bank IADL instrumental activities of daily living IAF International Accreditation Forum IAGI intended average gross income IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANI intended average net income IAPSO Inter-Agency Procurement Services Office (UNDP) IARC The Internasjonal Agency for Research on Cancer IAS indicated air speed IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC International Aloe Science Council IAT intake air temperature IATE Inter-Active Terminiology for Europe (Former Eurodicautom; contains the legacy databases TIS, Euterpe, Euroterms and CDCTERM) IATE inter-agency terminology exchange iATN International Automotive Technicians Network IAVW International Airways Volcano Watch (see also VAAC) IBAA Independent Bankers Association Of America IBAN international bank account number (See also BBAN) IBD inflammatory bowel disease IBF immunoglobulin-binding factor IBMS Institute of Biomedical Science IBNR incurred but not reported IBRD International Bank For Reconstruction And Development (The World Bank) IBS irritable bowel syndrome IC ignition control IC integrated circuit IC50 concentration yielding 50 % inhibition ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization (Technical instructions for safe Transport of dangerous Goods by air) ICB ignition contact breaker ICB international competitive bidding ICC income capital certificate ICC International chamber of commerce ICC International color consortium ICC International Criminal Tribune ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCS integrated logistic support plan ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD implanted cardiac defibrillator ICD International Classification of Disease ICD-9 a method for coding diagnoses to receive reimbursement ICDA International Classification of Diseases, adapted ICE in car entertainment ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association (formerly IPCEA) ICERD The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICF intermediate care facility ICF Internet connection firewall ICFTU International Confedration of Free Trade Unions ICG International Crisis Group ICH I/O controller hub ICH International Conference for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH intracranial hemorrhage ICLA Information, Counselling and Legal Assistance ICM ignition control module ICMP Internet control message protocol ICP injection control pressure ICP integrated care pathway ICP intracranial pressure ICPC international classification of primary care ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICR industry condition report ICR The Institute of Cetacean Research ICRA Internet Content Rating Association ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICS Internet connection sharing ICSC international chemical safety card ICT information and communication technology ICU intensive care unit ICU/MR intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded ICWS integrated clinical workstation ID identification ID indre diameter ID inside diameter IDD international direct dialing IDDM insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IDE integrated drive electronics IDE intelligent drive electronics IDEA international data encryption algorithm (1991) IDI integrated direct ignition IDIOT intrusion detection in our time IDL interface definition language IDM injector driver module idn international domain name IDP internally displaced person IDPs internally displaced people IDS intrusion detection system IDSL ISDN digital subscriber line IDU injecting drug user IEC information, education, and communication IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEC International Electrotechnical Commission (Geneva, CH) IEDD improvised explosive device disposal IEEA Integrated system of environmental and economic accounting IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet engineering task force IFA Internatinal Fiscal Association IFM information for the management of healthcare IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFS independent front suspension IFS inertia fuel shutoff IFT interface tension IFX interactive financial exchange IGARCH integrated generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor IGC intergovernmental conference IGES initial graphics exchange specification (a data interchange standard for CAD/CAM systems) IGLD international Great Lakes datum IGMP Internet group management protocol IGN ignition IGR internal gear ring IGRP interior gateway routing protocol IHB International Hydrographic Bureau IHCD Institute of Health and Care Development IHE international health exchange IHF International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights IHF International Hospital Federation IHO International Hydrographic Organization IHRIM Institute of Health Record Information and Management IHSM Institute of Health Service Management IIE institute of industrial engineers IIEL International institutional environmental law IIP investors in people IIS Internet information services IISP interim interswitch signalling protocol ILAC International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation ILC idle load compensator ILMI interim local management interface ILO International Labour Organization ILS instrument landing system IM inner marker IM instant messaging IM internal medicine IM intramuscular IM&T information management and technology IMA Irish Medical Association IMCO International Maritime Consultative Organization (United Nations organisation) IMCR individual minimum capital requirement IMDG international maritime dangerous goods IME input method editor IMF international monetary fund IMF International Monetary Fund IMFC International Monetary and Financial Committee IMG International Medical Graduate IMHO in my humble opinion IMM international money market IMO in my opinion IMO International Maritime Organization (IMCO follow-up organisation founded 1982) Imp impedance IMR infant mortality rate IMRC intake manifold runner control IMS integrated management services IMS intelligent manufacturing systems IMS intercontinental medical statistics IMSI international mobile subscriber identity In inch, inches in.lb. inch-pound INFCD International Nutrition Foundation for Developing Countries INID internationally agreed numbers for the identification of data INJ injector in-lb inch-pound INN international non-proprietary names INP input INS inertial navigation system INT integrator (replaced with ST fuel trim) INT interrupt INTERNAT LAB REV International Labour Review INTJREHABRESEARCH International Journal of Rehabilitation Research intl international IOC International Olympic Committee IoL Institute of Linguists (GB) IOM Institute of Medicine (of the National Academy of Sciences) IOM International Organization for Migration IOP I/O processor IOP intraocular pressure IOSCO International Organization of securities Commissions IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety and Health IOTP Internet open trading protocol IP ingress protection IP In-patient IP intellectual property IP international protection IP Internet protocol IP Internet provider IPA Independent Practice Association IPA international phonetic alphabet IPC instrument panel cluster IPC interantional patent classification IPL initial programme load IPMI intelligent platform management interface IPO initial public offering IPP independent power producer IPP integrated product policy IPPC integrated pollution prevention and control IPPC Internet pilot planning centre (Avinor) IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IPPV intermittent postive pressure ventilation IPR individual performance review IPR injector pressure regulator IPS intelligent power supply IPS iron pipe size (same as NPS) IPsec IP security (a set of protocols to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer (widely deployed to implement VPN) IR information ratio IR infrared IR internal resistance IR Internet registry IRA individual retirement account IRB Internal Review Board (approves research protocols at hospitals) IRISS intelligent red-eye imaging software solution IRM information resource management IRM information rights management IRMA Information Resource Management Association IRP interrupt request packet IRQ interrupt request (value, line) IRR internal rate of return IRS independent rear suspension IRS Internal Revenue Service IS independent suspension ISA industry standard adapter ISM international safety management ISBN international standard book number ISC idle speed control ISDA International Swap Dealers Association ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISHR International Service for Human Rights ISI International Statistic Institute ISN integrated services network ISO International Standards Organization ISP Internet service provider ISPS international ship and port facility security ISS input shaft speed ISS international space station ISSN international standard serial number ISSS is correctly CEN/ISSS; CEN Information Society Standardization IST information society technologies programme (EC) ISTAR intelligence, surveillance, target aquisition and reconnaissance ISV Internet software vendor IT information technology IT informative translation (aka: good-enough translation) ITC Instrumentation tray cable NEC Article 727 ITI Institute of Translation & Interpreting (GB) ITI Institute of Translation and Interpreting (GB) ITIL information technology infrastructure library ITS idle tracking switch IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IV independent variable IV intravenous (or intravenous line) IVF in vitro fertilisation IVP intravenous pyelogram IVR idioventricular rhythm IVS idle validation switch IVSC integrated vehicle speed control JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association JANET Joint Academic Network JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations JCC Joint Consultants Committee JCC Joint Consultative Committee JCHMT Joint Committee for Higher Medical Training JCHST Joint Committee for Higher Surgical Training JCPTGP Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice JDC Junior Doctors Committee JDF job definition format JFC Joint Formulary Committee JIP Joint Investment Plan JISC Joint Information Systems Committee JIT just in time JITE Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JNA Joy network architecture JNC(J) Joint Negotiating Committee on junior doctors' terms and conditions of service JNI Java native invocation JPAC Joint Planning Advisory Committee JRC joint research centre JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Center (US) JUSE Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers JVD jugular venous distension KAM keep alive memory KAM key account management KAPS knowledge, attitudes, and practice survey KAPWR keep alive power KAT known answer test KB knowledge base kcmil A unit of conductor area in thousands of circular mils. (Formerly MCM) KDC key distribution centre KED Kendrick extrication device KEPS from 'shaKEProof' plus plural 's' (A pre-assembled nut and washer assembly; Trademark of ITW Shakeproof) KERS kinetic energy recovery system kg kilogram kHz kilohertz km kilometre KM knowledge management KNX Konnex: The worldwide standard for home and building control (former EIB) KOEO key on engine off KOER key on engine running kp capacity factor for planar chromatography kPa kilopascals KS knock sensor kV kilovolts KVO keep veins open L. length, long L/C letter of credit L2F layer 2 forwarding L2TP layer two tunneling protocol L4 four-cylinder inline engine L4L lot for lot LAER lowest achievable emission rate LAH Licentiate of Apothecaries LAMP Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python LAN local area network LAPIS locality and practice information LAR loan application register LAS Locum Appointment Service LASER light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation LAT lidocaine, adrenaline and tetracaine (a topical anaesthetic) LAT Locum Appointment for Training LBA logical block addressing LBBB left bundle branch block LBO leveraged buy out LBO leveraged buy-out lbs pounds Lbs pounds LBS pounds LC liquid cromatography LCA life cycle assessment LCB linear current booster LCC leadless chip carrier LCC life cycle costs LCCC leadless ceramic chip carrier LCD liquid crystal display LCL less than car load LCL less than container load LCL lower control limit LCM lost-circulation material LCS Longitudinal Corrugated Shield LCT life cycle thinking LCTA lungs clear to auscultation LDAP lightweight directory access protocol LDC Local Dental Committee LDH large diameter hose LDL low-density lipoprotein LDO Limited Duty Officer LDS local development scheme LE lower extremities LED light emitting diode LED light-emitting diode LEO Law Enforcement Officer LEP large electron position controller LEP limited English proficiency LEP limited English proficient LET lidocaine, epinephrine and tetracaine (topical anaesthetics) LET linear energy transfer LEV low emission vehicle LF line feed LF NL line feed, new line LFC low fan control LFO low frequence oscillator LFP low fuel pump LGIB lower gastrointestinal bleeding LGL Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome LGS lane guard system Lgth length, long LH luteininzing hormone LHRH luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (aka: GnRH) LIBID London Interbank bid rate LIBOR London Interbank offered rate LIBROR London interbank offered rate (also used: Libor) LIC low income conflict LIF leukocyte inhibitory factor LIFFE London international financial futures exchange LIFO last in first out LIFO last in, first out LIMIT lot size inventory management interpolation technique LIR local Internet registry LIS local implementation strategy LIS logical IP subnetwork LISA Localisation Industry Standards Association LIZ EI London Initiative Zone Educational Incentives LLC logical (Ethernet sublayer) LLE liquid level element LLE liquid-liquid extraction LLE liquid-liquie equilibgrium LLI limited life item LLI live line indicator LLI long leadtime item LLI lower large intestine LLMRCP Licentiate and Licentiate in Midwifery of the Royal College of Physicians LLMRCS Licentiate and Licentiate in Midwifery of the Royal College of Surgeons LLMW lov-level mixed waste LLR lender of last resort LLS liquid level switch LLT liquid level transmitter LLW lov-level (nuclear) waste LLW lov-level (radioactive) waste LMA laryngeal mask airway (for ventilating a patient) LMC Licentiate of the Medical Council of the United Kingdom LMC Local Medical Committee LMF ladle metallurgy furnace LMF lymphocyte mitogenic factor LMS Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery LMSSA Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries LMWAGS Local Medical Workforce Advisory Groups LNG liquide natural gas LNPF lymph node permeability factor LOB line of balance LOC level of consciousness (in Glasgow scale) LOC localizer LOC loss of consciousness LOCA Loss of Coolant Accident, IEEE 383 defines test requirements LOCOM lower of cost or market LOEL lowest observed effect level LOL laugh out loud LOM light optical microscopy LON local operating network LORAN long range navigation system LOS length of stay LOV loss of visibility LOX liquid oxygen LOXARMOR® An interlocked S shaped armour cable covering, normally galvanised steel or aluminium LP low pressure LPB liquid packaging board LPF low pass filter LPG liquid (liquiefied) petroleum gas LPM liters per minute LPN License Practical Nurse LR Lactated Ringers (IV solution) LRCP Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians LRCP&S Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons LRCS Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons LREC Local Research Ethics Committee LRFPS Licentiate of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons LRS Lloyd's Register of Shipping LSA local security authority LSB least significant byte LSC life safety code LSD local specific data LSD lysergic acid diethylamide LSDS large scale distributed system LSL lower specification limit LSP language service provider LSP layered software provider LT lead-time LT long-term (fuel trim) LTB4 leukotriene B4 LTC language testing and certification LTC long-term care LTF lymphocyte-transforming factor LTL less than truck load LTM learning to manage health information LTPD lot tolerance percent defective LTPS low-temperature polysilicon LTPWS low tire-pressure warning system LTV loan-to-value ratio LUN logical unit number LV left ventricle LV8 load variable LVD low voltage differential signalling LVDS low voltage differential signalling LVEDP left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVH left ventricular hypertrophy LVI low viscosity index (Typically below 40 VI units) LVN License Vocational Nurse LVRS lung volume reduction surgery LVTS large value transfer system LVW loaded vehicle weight LWC light-weight coated LWF The Lutheran World Federation LWI load wear index M mach (+ number) M.Sc. Master of Science MA Master of Arts MAAC maximum acceptable ambient concentration MAAC Maximum Allowable Actual Change MAAG Medical Audit Advisory Group MAAGB Medical Artists Association of Great Britain MABP mean arterial blood pressure MAC Medical Advisory Committee MAC medium access control (or: media access control) MACD moving average convergence divergence MACRO management, asset quality, capital adequacy, risk management and operating results MAD mean absolute deviation MADEL Medical and Dental Education Levy MADEN medical and dental education network MAE moves all extremities MAF mass airflow MAF medical assistance facility MAHT machine assisted human translation Man manual MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAOS multi-application operating system MAP manifold absolute pressure MAP manufacturing automation protocol MAP mean arterial pressure MAP medical audit programme MAPE mean absolute percentage error MAPI message application programming interface MAS minimal access surgery MASC Medical Academic Staff Committee MASC Medical Advisers Support Centre MAST medical anti-shock trousers MAT manifold air temperature (replaced with IAT) MATADOR medical advanced training in an artificial distributed environment Max maximum MB Medicinae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Medicine) Mb Mega Byte MBF management by fear (not MBO) MBL minimum breakin load MBNQA Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award MBO management by objective MBP mean blood pressure MBps Mega Bits per second MBR master boot record MBS mortgage backed securities MBS mortgage-backed security MBWA management by walking around MBWA management by wandering around MC measuring core MC Medicines Commission MC metal-clad cable MC mixture control MC mulit carrier MCA Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act (of 1996) MCA machine check architecture MCA Medical Control Agency MCA micro channel architecture MCAT medical college admission test MCC mutual capital certificate MCCE Movement Co-ordination Centre Europe MCE machine check exception MCH maternal and child health programme MCH memory controller hub MChD Master of Dental Surgery MChOrth Master of Orthopaedic Surgery MCHP maternal and child health programme MCI mass casualty accident MCI monatary conditions index MCL maximum contamination level MCO Managed Care Organization MCOphth Member of the College of Ophthalmologists MCP management consignment programme MCPP-N Marine Corps Pre-positioning Programme-Norway MCPS Member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons MCQ multiple-choice questions MCR memory configuration register MCR minimum capital requirement MCRG medical career research group MCU microprocessor control unit (replaced with PCM) MCU multipoint control unit MD maternal death MD Medical Doctor MD Medicinae Doctor (Doctor of Medicine) MD modulated displacement MDA 3,4-meth-ylenedioxyamphetamine MDA Medical Devices Agency MDD Medical Device Directive (93/42/EEC) MDDUS Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland MDEA 3,4-methyl-enedioxyethyl amphetamine MDF myocardial depressant factor MDGs millennium development goals MDI multiple document interface MDM modular digital multitrack MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (aka "ecstasy") MDP manifold differential pressure MDR master data record MDRAM multibank dynamic RAM MDS Master of Dental Surgery MDS material dominated scheduling MDU Medical Defence Union ME Medical Examiner MEC management education for clinicians MEDLARS medical literature analysis and retrieval system MEDLARS medical literature and analysis retrieval system MEDOC multi-experiment data and operation centre MedPAC Medical Payment Advisory Commission MEK methyl ethyl ketone (a thinner) MEKC micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography MEL main equipment list MEL maximum exposure limit MEMCAL memory calibration MEOST multiple environment overstress tests MEPS medical expenditure panel survey MEQ modified examination question MESOL management education scheme by open learning MET Multiple Employer Trust MEWA Multiple Employer Welfare Arrangement MF machine finished MF magnetic field Mfd microfarad MFI multiport fuel injection MFO material flow operator MFOccM Member of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine MFPharmM Member of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine MFPHM Member of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine MG machine glazed MGF macrophage growth factor MGIC mortgage guaranty insurance corporation MgS04 magnesium sulfate MHAC Mental Health Act Commission MHC Mutual Holding Company MI manufacturing instruction MI mortgage insurance MI myocardial infarction MIC mechanical instrument cluster MIDIRS Midwife Information and Resource Service MIDS merit increase decision system MIG medical information group MIL SPEC military specification mil 0.001 inch MIL malfunction indicator lamp MIL member of the Institute of Linguists MIME multipurpose Internet mail extension MIMS monthly index of medical specialities Min minimum MIP maximum intensity projection MIS management information system MIS management information systems MISG Mental Illness Specific Grant MISP minimum initial service package MISP Minimum Initial Service Package MITA Metropolitex Interpreters and Translators Association (US) MITI member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting MLC multi level cell MLIS Master of Library and Information Science (See also MLS) MLLS multipoint liquid level switch MLM multi level marketing MLP manual lever position MLS major league soccer MLS Maltese MLS mass layoff statistics MLS Master of Library Science (See also MLIS) MLS Metropolitan Library System MLS Micro Librarian Systems MLS microwave landing system MLS multiple listing service MLS multiple listing system MLS multiple listings service MLSO Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer MLU Mid-Life Update MM middle marker MMC Microsoft management console MMDA 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine MMDA money market deposit account MMed Master of Medicine MMedPaed Master of Medicine (Paediatrics) MMedSci Master of Medical Science MMF mycophenolate mofetil MMI man machine interface MMIS medical management information system MMM multiple master metrics MMRe maternal mortality rate MMRo maternal mortality ratio MMS multimedia messaging MMSAC Medical Manpower Standing Advisory Committee MMT multi-block message test MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report MNC multinational corporation MNE multinational enterprise MO Medical Officer MO Mental Observation (psych pt) MOB man over board MOF managed object format MOI mechanism of injury MON motor octan number MOSFET metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor MOT military observation team MOV metal oxide varistor MOVCON movement control MP medium pressure MPA Medical Prescribing Adviser MPC Medical Practices Committee MPFI multiport fuel injection MPH Master of Public Health MPH Masters (Degree) in Public Health MPharm Master of Pharmacy MPhil Master of Philosophy MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography MPS master production schedule MPS material planning system MPS Medical Protection Society MPS multiprocessing specification MPT male pipe thread MPT maximum part time MPTP micro payment transfer protocol (protocol draft by W3C) MR magnetic resonance MR mental retardation MR mentally retarded MR mitral regurgitation MR multi-mirror facetted reflector MRA magnetic resonance angiography MRB material review board MRC Medical Research Council MRCA Member of the Royal College of Anaesthetists MRCGP Member of the Royal College of General Practitioners MRCO Member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists MRCOG Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians MRCPath Member of the Royal College of Pathologists MRCPCH Member of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health MRCPsych Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists MRCR Member of the Royal College of Radiologists MRCS Member of the Royal College of Surgeons MREC Multicentre Research Ethics Committee MRG murmurs, rubs or gallops MRHFP medicare rural hospital flexibility program MRI magnetic resonance imaging mRNA messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) MRO maintenance repair and operating supplies MRO Medical Records Officer MRP manufacturing resource planning mrp material requirements planning MRP money resource planning MRU most recently used MS mass spectrometry MS mental status MS Microsoft ms millisecond MS morphine sulphate MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry MS04 morphine sulphate MSA medical savings account MSA metropolitan statistical area MSA metropolitan statistical areas MSAC Maternity Services Advisory Committee MSB most significant byte MSc Master of Science MSC mathematics subject classification MSDS material safety data sheet MSE mean square error MSF Médecins Sans Frontières MSFF miles since first fail MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration (US) MSI mobile station identity MSI mobile subscriber identity MSL mean sea level MSLC Maternity Services Liaison Committee MSLF miles since last fail MSM men who have sex with men MST manifold surface temperature MT machine translation MT multimodal transport MTB missile torpedo boat MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBF mean time before failure MTBF mean time between failures MTCT mother-to-child transmission Mtg mounting MTIA many thanks in advance MTL manufacturing team leader MTM motion-time methods MTO multimodal transport operator MTRR memory type range register MTTR quality of service and mean time to repair MTV manifold tuning valve MUSCLE multi-station clinical examination MV medium voltage cable; NEC designation for single & multiple conductor insulated cable rated 2001 to 35,000 volts MV megavolt mV millivolt MVA motor vehicle accident MVC manual volume control MVC microvoid coalescence MVC motor vehicle collision (or crash) MVLPS manual valve lever position sensor MVO2 myocardial oxygen consumption MVP mitral valve prolapse MVPE market value of portfolio equity MVS marine vane separator MW microwaves MWC medium-weight coated MWC Mental Welfare Commission MWCS Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland MWSAC Medical Workforce Standing Advisory Committee MWSAG Medical Workforce Standing Advisory Group N. Int. Y. b. The New International Year Book n/c normally closed n/o normally open N/V nausea/vomiting N/V/D/C nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea/constipation NAAEC North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation NAAO North American Automotive Operations NABS normoactive bowel sounds (The abdomen was soft and non-tender, with normoactive bowel sounds.) NACCHO National Association of County and City Health Officials NACGP National Association of Commissioning General Practitioners NACo National Association of Counties NACPME National Advice Centre for Postgraduate Education NACT National Association of Clinical Tutors NAD National Association of the Deaf (US) NAD no acute distress NAD no apparent distress NAD North American datum NAEMSP National Association of EMS Physicians NAEW FOL NATO airborne early warning forward operating location NAFHP National Association of Fundholding Practices NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAGPT National Association of General Practice Tutors NAHAT National Association of Hospital Authorities and Trusts NAIS Norwegian aeronautical information system (Avinor) NAK negative acknowledge NAMCO The North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission NAMSA NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency NAO National Audit Office NAPMECA National Association of Postgraduate Medical Education Centre Administration NAS network access server NASAMS Norwegian advanced surface-to-air missile system NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations NASHP National Academy for State Health Policy NASMD National Association of State Medical Directors NAT network address translation NATN National Association of Theatre Nurses NATN National Association of Training Nurses NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NAT-T network address translation traversal NAV net asset value NBMFC Nordic-Baltic Monetary and Financial Committee NBR nitrile rubber NBS National Board for nursing, midwifery and health visiting for Scotland NBTS National Blood Transfusion Service NC nasal cannula NC normally closed NC numerically controlled NC/AT normocephalic/atraumatic (head not injured) NCC network coordination centre NCCA National Centre for Clinical Audit NCCG Non-Consultant Career Grade NCEPOD National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-Operative Death NCF neutrophil chemotactic factor NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics NCIS National Criminal Intelligence Service (UK) NCMO National Case Mix Office NCP NetWare core protocol nCPAP nasal continuous positive airway pressure NCQA National Committee for Quality Assurance NCT National Childbirth Trust ND navigation dispaly ND non-distended NDB non-directional beacon NDD national direct dialing NDRE non-driven return end NDT non-destructive testing NEAT new and emerging applications of technologies NEC National Electrical Code NED Non-Executive Director NEG negative NEJM New England Journal of Medicine NeLH National Electronic Library for Health NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NetBEUI NetBIOS enhanced user interface NetBEUI NetBIOS extended user interface NF Nuffield Foundation NFPA National Fire Protection Association NFS network file system NG nasogastric NG nasogastric tube NGA National Governors' Association NGC National Guideline Clearinghouse(tm) NGO non-governmental organisation NGO Non-governmental organisation NGO non-governmental organization NGT nasogastric tube NGTE National Gas Turbine Establishment NH nursing home NHC National Hurricane Center (US) NHD Notional Half Day NHGRI National Human Genome Research Institute NHO Confederation of Norwegian business and industry NHS National Health Service NHS(S) National Health Service in Scotland NHSAR National Health Service Administrative Register NHSCCC National Health Service for Coding and Classification NHSCR National Health Service Central Register NHSCRD National Heath Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination NHSE National Health Service Executive NHSEED National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database NHSEHU National Health Service Ethical Health Unit NHSIA National Health Service Information Authority NHSIMC National Health Service Information Centre NHSLA National Health Service Litigation Authority NHSME National Health Service Management Executive NHSS National Health Service Supplies NHST National Health Service Trust NHSTD National Health Service Training Directorate NHSTF National Health Service Trust Federation NHSTU National Health Service Training Unit NIBOR Norwegian interbank offered rate (also used: Nibor) NIBP non-invasive blood pressure NIC Network interface card NICAM near instantaneously compended audio multiplex NICARE Northern Ireland Centre for Health Care Co-operation and Development NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence NICE Northern Institute for Continuing Education NICS Norwegian interbank clearing system NICU neonatal intensive care unit NIH National Institute of Health NIH National Institute of Health (US) NIH not invented here NIH Nuffield Institute for Health NIMH National Institute of Mental Health NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NIST National Institute Of Standards And Technology (US, former NBS - National Bureau of Standards) NIT network interface tap NIX Norwegian Internet eXchange NJIL Nordic journal of international law NKDA no known drug allergies NL normal NLG natural language generation NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute NLM National Library of Medicine NLN Nordic COuncil on Medicines NLT not later than Nm newton meters NMAC National Medical Advisory Committee NMD Norwegian medicinal depot NMET non-medical education and training NMI non-maskable interrupt NMIS nurse management information system NMJ not my job NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMVOC non-methane-volatily-organic-compounds NNI net national income NNP net national product NNT number needed to treat NO normally open No number NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAC next operation as customer NOBLE Norwegian battle lab and experimentation NOD nonobese diabetic NOLs net operating losses Nom nominal NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation NOREPS Norwegian emergency preparedness system (UD) NOTSHIP notice to shipping NOx nitrogen oxides NP normal phase, silica NP normal pressure NP Nurse Practitioner NPA National Pharmaceutical Association NPCRDC National Primary Care Research and Development Centre NPISH non-profit institutions serving households NPLF Non-Power Limited Fire Protective Signal Cable (NEC Art. 760) NPO nil per os (nothing by mouth) NPRM notice of proposed rulemaking NPS normal pipe size (same as IPS) NPT near patient testing NPTC national pipe thread coarse NPTF national pipe thread fine NPTLC normal pressure thin layer chromatography NP-TLC normal pressure thin layer chromatography NPV net present value NR narrow reflector NRC National Response Center (US) NRC Norwegian Refugee Council NRE non-recurring expenditure NRF NATO response force NRFM non-rebreathing face mask NRHA National Rural Health Association NRM non-rebreathing mask (also nrb) NRPB National Radiological Protection Board NRR National Research Register NS National Statistics NS normal saline (i.e. 0.9% NaCl) NSAID non steroid anti inflamatory drugs NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSCAG National Specialist Commissioning Advisory Group NSF National Schizophrenia Fellowship NSF National Schizophrenia Fellowship (Scotland) NSF National Service Framework NSH National Health Service NSM naval strike missile NSN national stock number NSO National statistical (or statistics) office NSR normal sinus rhythm NSV National Supplies Vocabulary NSVD normal spontaneous vaginal delivery NT non-tender NTED no touch exchange of die NTG nitro-glycerine NTN national training number NTOX neutrotoxic NTP network time protocol NTSC National Television System Committee NTTRL National Tissue Typing Reference Laboratory NUL null NVD normal vaginal delivery NVoD near video on demand NVRAM non-volatile RAM NWCS National Health Service-Wide Clearing Service NWMB Nunavut Wildlife Management Board NWPA Navigable Waters Protection Act O2 oxygen O2 Oxygen O2S oxygen sensor OAA old age assistance OAF osteoclast-activating factor OAGI open applications group OAGIS open applications group interchange specifications (a set of interface definitions defined OAGI) OAR occupationa air requirement (nor: YL) OAS Organization of American States OASDHI old age survivors, disability and health insurance program OAT out of area transfer OBD II on board diagnostics, generation 2 OBD on board diagnostics OBD on board diagnostics system OBD optical bearing device OBI omni bearing indicator OBI open buying on the Internet OBO ore-bulk-oil OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act OBS omni bearing selector OBS organic brain syndrome OBS organisation breakdown structure OBV on balance volume OC oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray for self-defence) OC on centre OC operating characteristic (curves) OC oral contraceptive OC oxidation catalytic converter OCD organisational change and development OCHA UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCLC online computer library center (US INc.) OCR optical character recognition OCTG oil country tubular goods (pipe products used in petroleum exploration) OCV open-circuit voltage OD Outpatient Department OD outside diameter OD overdose OD overdrive ODA official development assistance ODA Overseas Doctors Agency ODAS ocean data acquisition buoy ODBC open database connectivity ODI optical displacement indicator ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights ODMA open document management API ODP open drip proof ODP Operating Department Practitioner ODP ozone depleting potential ODS organised delivery system ODS ozone depleting substance ODTS Overseas Doctors Training Scheme OE original equipment OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris OED Oxford English Dictionary OEL occupational exposure limit OEM original equipment manufacturer OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID) OFX open financial exchange OG orogastric OGT orogastric tube OH Occupational Health OHC overhead camshaft OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OHE Office of Health Economics OHF open hearth furnace OHS Occupational Health Safety OJT on the job training OL open loop OLAP oil labelling assessment programme OLAP online analytical processing OLCE online capacity expansion OM outer marker OMB office of management and budget OMB Office of Management and Budget OMP Opthalmic Medical Practitioner ONS Office for National Statistics OP Out-patient OPA Oropharyngeal airway OPAO open air, air over OPCS Office of Population, Census and Surveys OPD Outpatient Department OPEB other postretirement employment benefit OPLC overpressured layer chromtaography OPM operation and maintenance OPS operator protective structures OPSEC open platform for security OPSEC operation security OPT optimised production technology OR operation research OR operation room ORC oxidation-reduction converter ORI octane requirement increase ORQ oil rig quality (quality label for chains) OS operating system OS operative system OS/D over, short, or damaged OSCE objective structured clinical examination OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (formerly CSCE) OSD on screen display OSH occupational safety and health OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act (Administered by U.S. Dept. of Labor which establishes employee safety standards in all industrial and commercial establishments) OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (US) OSHS occupational safety and health standards OSI open systems interconnection OSINT open source intelligence OSM on screen menu OSM OS-specific module OSS open source software OT Occupational Therapist OT occupational therapy OT operating theatre OT overtime OTC off tank control OTC over the counter OTC over-the-counter OTDR optical time-domain reflectometer OTDR optical time-domain reflectometry OTED one touch exchange of die OTIS overhead travel information system OTOH on the other hand OTP open trading protocol OTU orifice test unit P to P peer to peer P/E price/earning P/E price/earnings P/E price/earnings (NOR: pris/fortjeneste) P/N part number P/S power steering P-104 Okonite's identification number issued by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources P-30® Okolene-Okoseal insulated 600V multiple and single conductor control cable P3P platform for privacy preferences (a W3C project) P-45® Okolene-Okoseal insulated 1000V multiple conductor control cable Pa Pascal PA patent assignee PA Patients Association PA Physician Assistant PA power amplifier PA provider aggregatable (address space) PA Public Accountant PA public address system PAA provider aggregatable address PABP peripheral arterial blood pressure PABP pulmonary arterial blood pressure PABP pulsatile arterial blood pressure PABX private automatic branch exchange PAC political action committee PAC post abortion care PAC premature atrial contraction PAC production activity control PACT prescription analysis and cost tabulation PAD peripheral arterial disease PAE page address extension PAF platelet activating factor PAF Platelet activating factor PAG polyalkylene glycol PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAIR pulsed secondary air injection PAL phase alternating (by) line PALS paediatric advanced life support training course PAM pole amplitude modulated PAM profession allied to medicine PAN pseudonymous account number PAP public access profile PAPR powered air-purifying respirator PAR parabolic aluminised reflector PAS parental alienation syndrome PAS patient administration system PASG pneumatic anti-shock garment PASS personalised automotive security system PAT page attribute table PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PB polybythylene PBB polybrominated biphenyl (flame retardant) PBDE polybrominated dipÃ¥henyl ether (flame retardant) PBIRG Pharmaceutical business intelligence and research group PBL practice-based learning PBM Pharmacy Benefit Manager PBX private branch exchange PC personal computer PC planar chromatography PC Police Constable PC pollution control PC public corporation PCA phase contrast angiography PCAG Primary Care Audit Group PCAPS Primary Care Act Pilots PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCB printed circuit board PCCG Primary Care Co-ordinating Group PCCM primary care case management PCD pacing cardioverter/defibrillator PCF plastic cladding fiber PCG Primary Care Group PCI peripheral component interconnect(ion) PCI pulverised coal injection system PCI-X peripheral component interconnect extended PCL printer control language PCM power-train control module PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PCMO passenger car motor oil PCN penicillin PCP phencyclidine PCP phencyclidine (illegal street drug - "angel dust") PCP pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PCP primary care physician PCR patient care record/report PCS polymer cladding silica PCS pressure control solenoid PCS Project Counselling Services PCSP polar continental shelf project PCT primary care trust PCU programable control unit PCV positive crankcase ventilation PDA personal digital assistant PDA property damage accident (MVA w/o injuries) PDAE Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (May 2005) PDC public dividend capital PDCA plan-do-check-action PDF portable document format PDI personal disposable income PDM process device manager PDM product data management PDP personal development plan PDQ pretty darn quick PDR Physician's Desk Reference (book of medication information) PE physical examination PE polyethylen PE protective earth PE pulmonary embolus PE pulmonary oedema PEA pulseless electrical activity (cardiac) PEARL pupils equal and reactive to light PECA protocols to the European Agreements on Conformity PECL Principles of European Contract Law PECVD plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition PED pressure equipment directive PEEP positive end expiratory pressure PEG gastric tube PEL permissible exposure limit PEM privacy enhanced mail PEP phosphoenolpyruvate PEP post-exposure prophylaxis PEP Post-Exposure Prophylaxis PER pollutant emission register PERRL pupils equally round and reactive to light PERRLA pupils equally round and reactive to light and accommodation PERT programme evaluation and review technique PESC Public Expenditure Survey Committee PET polyethyleneterephthalate PET positron emisjons tomografi PET positron emission tomography PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane PFB printer font binary PFC patient focused care PFD primary flight display PFE pressure feedback EGR PFI port fuel injection PFI private finance initiative PFL pre fade listen PFM printer font metrics PFMA practice fund management allowance PFS process flow scheduling PG postgraduate PG pregnant PG prostaglandin PGCME Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education PGD Postgraduate Dean PGEA Postgraduate Education Allowance PGMDE Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education PGP pretty good privacy (a data encryption algorithm developed by Philip Zimmermann and based on RSA) pH measure of alkalinity or acidity PH precipitation hardening PHA preliminary hazards analysis PHA process hazards analysis PHA Public Health Alliance PHC primary healthcare PHCSG primary health care specialist group PHCT primary health care team PhD Philosophiae Doctor (Doctor of Philosophy) PHL public health laboratory PHLS public health laboratory service PHO Physician-Hospital Organization PHPU public health policy unit PHRU public health resource unit PHSS personal health summary system PHY physical (Ethernet sublayer) PI personal income PI personal involvement (as used in TQM and people management techniques) PI provider independent (address space) PIA personal injury accident (MVA w/ injuries) PIA provider independen address PIC prior informed consent PICS platform for Internet content selection (a W3C standard that can be used to filter contents) PID parameter identification PID pelvic inflammatory disease PID photo ionisation detector PID programme ID PIG policy implementation groups PIH poison inhalation hazard PIMS profit impact of market strategy PIN personal ident(ification) number PIN personal identification code PIP profile ignition pickup (replaced with CKP) PISA Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD) PJC premature junctional tachycardia PJL printer job language PKE passive keyless entry PKI public key infrastructure PKS Pacific Knowledge Systems (Australian Company) PKS process knowledge system PLAB Professional and Linguistic Assessment Board PLC programmable logic controller PLCC plastic leadless chip carrier PLOM product line operator manager PLP personal learning plan PLT platelets PLTC Type designation for Power- Limited Tray Cable for use in Class 2 or 3 power-limited circuits; instrumentation, supervisory control and thermocouple extension PLWA people living with AIDS PLWA person living with AIDS PM partition manager PM permanent magnet PM preventive maintenance PMA 4-methoxyamphetamine PMA para methoxyamphetamine PMA phosphomolybdic acid PMD private medical doctor PMD programmed multiple development PMD pump mounted driver PMG permanent magnet exciter PMH past medical history PMI point of maximal impulse (on chest palpation) PMI private medical insurance PMMA para methoxymethamphetamine PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMO Principal Medical Officer PMPCT preventing mother-to-child transmission PMPM per member per month PMR physical medicine and rehabilitation PMS personal medical services PMT parent management training PNB pregnant n' bleeding PNB pulseless non-breathing PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea PNFC private non-financial corporation PNP park/neutral position PnP plug and play (developed by Microsoft for its Windows 95 OS) PNR proximal negative response P-NS Single pair or triad, Non Shielded, instrumentation or thermocouple extension cable PO per os (by mouth) PO purchase order POA pilot operated absolute POC point of contact POCV pilot operated control valve POF polymer optical fibre POL physician on line POLST physician's orders for life sustaining treatment POM prescription-only medicines POM production and operations management PONQ price of non-quality POP persistent organic polluant POP point of presence POP post office protocol (POP3 is POP version 3) POP proof of principle POPIN United Nations Population Information Network POPUMET protection of persons undergoing medical examination POQ periodic order quantity POS part of speech POS point of sale POS positive P-OS Single or multi Pairs or Triads with Overall Shield, instrumentation or thermocouple extension cable POST power-on self test POT potentiometer POV privately owned vehicle PPA preferred provider arrangement PPA Prescription Pricing Authority PPAP product parts approval process PPB part period balancing PPC pay per click (aka CPC) PPDP practice professional development plan PPM parts per million PPM planned preventative maintenance PPO polyparaphenylene oxyde PPO preferred provider organisation PPP private patients' plan PPP public private partnerships (Nor: OPS - offentlig privat samarbeid) PPR pharmaceutical price regulation scheme PPRC Physician Payment Review Commission PRB Pay Review Body PRC People's Republic of China PREPP post registration education and preparation for practice PRHO Pre-Registration House Officer PRINCE projects in controlled environments PROM programmable read-only memory PROM programmable ROM ProPAC Prospective Payment Assessment Commission Prot protection PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IMF /World Bank) PRTD platinum resistance temperature detector PRTR pollutant release and transfer register PRW parts retrieval window PS polystyrene PS polystyrol (brand) PS power steering PS selectivity point PSARP posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (a sergery) PSC permanent split capacitor PSC programable sensor controller PSD European Payment Service Directive PSD private sector development PSE page size extension PSEXA Prevention of Sexual Exploitation & Abuse PSG parallel shift gearbox PSI Policy Studies Institute psi pound-force per square inch PSI pound-force per square inch psi pounds per square inch PSI pounds per square inch PSL period of study leave PSM professions supplementary to medicine PSN provider sponsored network PSNC Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee PSO provider sponsored organisation PSOM programmable speedometer/odometer module PSP payment service provider PSP power steering pressure PSS postscript printer stub PST personal survival tool PST pocket survival tool PSTN public switch telephone network PSU polysulfone (thermoplastic polymer) PSU port security unit PSU power supply unit PSU primary sampling unit PSU privat sector unit PSU programme storage unit PSV pressure safty valve PSVT paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia PT patient PT physical therapy PT posterior tibial pulse PT prothrombin time PTA prior to arrival (or admission) PTC pending trouble code PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC positive temperature coefficient PTCA percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) PTH phenyl thiohydantoin PTH plated through-hole PTL pre-transfer LED PTS patient transport services PTS permanent threshold shift PTS persistent toxic substances PTSS Programme and Technical Support Section (UNHCR) PTT partial thromboplastin time PTU part throttle unlock PTX pneumothorax PTXes pneumothoraces PVA polyvinyl alcohol PVC polyvinyl chloride (insulating and jacketing material which is usually flame retardant and resistant to many chemicals) PVC premature ventricular contraction (same as VPB) PVD peripheral vascular disease PVD physical vapour deposition PVD posterior vitreous detachment PWLAN public wireless LAN PWM pulse width modulation PWM pulsewidth modulation PYA penultimate year assessment PZM pressure zone microphone QA quality assurance QAA Quality Assurance Authority QAC quaternary ammonium compound QAD question-a-day Internet mailing list QALY quality adjusted life year QAPI quality assessment and performance improvement programme QARI quality assurance reform initiative QAV quadricuspid aortic valve QC quality circles QC quality control QC quick connect QD each day QDM quad driver module QDR quadrennial defence review QFD quality function deployment QHSI quality, health, safety and environment QID quarter in die (4 x daily) QISMC quality improvement system for managed care QMS quality management system QOC quality of care QoS quality of service QOS quality operating system QR quick release Q-sign unresponsive person with mouth open and toungue hanging out QTLC quantitative thin-layer chromatography QWL quality of working life R and T recognition and treatment R&D research and development (Nor: FoU) R&O rust and oxidation R&O rust- and oxidation-inhibited R2 coefficient of determination RA regulatory affairs RA Research Associate RAB registrar accreditation board RABS rear antilock brake system RAC roadside assistance coverage RAE research assessment exercise RAID redundant array independent disks RAID redundant array of inexpensive disks RAM random access memory RAMBUS Rambus Inc. (Developed Rambus DRAM - RDRAM) RAP resistance area product RAP retained access power RAS remote access server RAS reticular activating system RASP resource allocation and service planning RAWP resource allocation working party RB representative body RBBB right bundle branch block RBC red blood cells RBI runs batted in RBRVS resource-based relative value scale RC resistor-capacitor ("snubber") RC4 Rivest cipher four (Encryption algorithm, 1987) RCA request for corrective action RCA Royal College of Anaesthetists RCCB residual current circuit breaker RCCP rough cut capacity planning RCCS Reid clinical classification system RCD residual current device RCD residual-current device RCGP Royal College of General Practitioners RCM Royal College of Midwives RCN Royal College of Nursing RCOG Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists RCOphth Royal College of Ophthalmologists RCP Royal College of Physicians RCPath Royal College of Pathologists RCPCH Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health RCPsych Royal College of Psychiatrists RCR Royal College of Radiologists RCS Royal College of Surgeons RCT randomised clinical trial RCT randomised controlled trial RCT rural area computer network RDBMS relational database management system RDF resource description framework RDPGPE Regional Director of Postgraduate General Practice Education RDRAM Rambus DRAM RDS radio data system RDS research development and statistics REA Regional Education Adviser REACH registration, evaluation and authorizarion of chemicals REAL research, education, audit, libraries rebar reinforcing bar RED random early detection REDG regional education and development group REDOX reduction oxidation catalytic converter REF reference regex regular expression (aka rx) REL recommended exposure limit REP Reid vapor pressure Resil resilient Rev reversible RF radio frequency Rf retardation factor RFA requirements for accreditation RFC request for comment RFI radio frequency interference RFID radio frequency identification RFP request for proposal RFQ request for quote RFT right first time RG rate generator RG rate gyroscope RGB red, green and blue (are additive colours) RGN registered general nurse RH reproductive health RHA Regional Health Authority RHC rural health clinic RHH NEC conductor type designation for conductors with Heat resistant rubber or XLPE insulation, for use in dry locations RHIB rigid-hulled inflatable boat (See also RIB) RHRC reproductive health response in conflict RHW-2 NEC conductor type designation for conductors with Heat and Moisture resistant rubber or XLPE insulation, for use in wet or dry locations RI Refugees International RIB rigid(-hull) inflatable boat (Also: RHI, RHIB) RID registry of interpreters for the deaf RID regulations on international dangerous goods shipments by rail RIMM Rambus in-line memory module RIND reversible ischemic neurological deficit RIP routing information protocol RIPA Royal Institute of Public Administration RIPHH Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene RIR regional Internet registry RISC reduced intersection set computer RITA record of in-training assessment RK resource kit RKE remote keyless entry RL Ringers Lactate (also LR) RLE runlength encoder RLG Research Libraries Group (provides RLIN) RLIN Research Libraries Information Online (fee-based bibliographic utility) RM relay module RM Risk Manager RMA refuse(s) medical assistance RMA return merchandise authorisation RMI radio magnetic indicator RMN Registered Mental Nurse RMO Resident Medical Officer RMO Responsible Medical Officer RMON remote monitoring RMP risk management plan RMS risk management solutions RN Registered Nurse RNA ribonucleic acid RNA robonucleic acid RNID The Royal National Institute for Deaf People RNMH Registered Nurse for the Mentally Handicapped RO Regional Office ROA return on assets ROE Regional Office for Europe ROI return on investment ROM read-only memory ROM run of mine RON research octan number RON run-of-network ROP reorder point ROPS roll over protective structure RoRo roll-on/roll-off (Also: ro-ro, Ro-Ro, RORO, etc.) ROS review of systems ROS run-of-site (aka general rotations, which is the opposite of targeted rotations; used in advertizing on the web) ROT rule of thumb ROV remotley operated vehicle RP reversed phase RPD robust product design RPGD Regional Postgraduate Dean RPHPTLC reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography RP-HPTLC reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography RPI retail prices index rpm revolutions per minute RPM revolutions per minute RPO regular production option RPSGB Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain RPTLC reversed phase thin layer chromatography RP-TLC reversed phase thin layer chromatography RPWM random pulsewidth modulation RR relative risk RRB real return bound RRC Residency Review Committee of ABEM RREP Rapid Response Education Program rRNA ribosomal RNA (ribonucleic acid) RRR regular rate and rhythm RS record separator RS resolution RS roof support RSA encryption algorithm by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Len Adleman (1977; it was the first encryption system to meat the requirements for encrypting public documents.) RSA rate sensitive asset(s) RSAC Recreational Software Advisory Coucil RSACi RASC of the Internet RSCN Registered Sick Children's Nurse RSD range safety distributor RSD reflex sympathetic dystrophy RSD relative standard deviation RSD remote sensing data RSH Royal Society of Health RSI rapid sequence induction anesthesia RSI relative strength index RSI repetitive strain injury RSL rate sensitive liability (-ies) RSM Royal Society of Medicine RSN real soon now RSR regular sinus rhythm RSS RDF site summary RSS real simple syndication RSS rich site summary RSVP reservation protocol RSVP resource reservation protocol RTA Thermoplastic insulated, aluminium shielded, polyethylene jacketed communication cable RTC real-time clock RTD real time dampening RTD resistance temperature detector RTF regional task force RTGS real time gross settlement system RTJ ring type joint RTN return RTP real time transport protocol RTSP real time streaming protocol RTV room temperature vulcanizing RUS Rural Utility Systems of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, formerly REA RV recreational vehicle RVF Rift Valley Fever RVP Reid vapor pressure RVR rapid ventricular response RWAL rear wheel anti-lock RWD rear wheel drive RWJF The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Rx prescription rx regular expression (aka regex) s without S&EP safety and environmental protection S&W sediment and water S/MIME secure multipurpose Internet mail extension S/MIME secured multipurpose Internet mail extension S/PDIF Sony/Philips digital interface SA servo amplifier SABP systolic arterial blood pressure SAC self-adjusting clutch SAC Specialty Advisory Committee SACTAP Southern African Counter-Trafficking Assistance Programme SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAEM Society for Academic Emergency Medicine SAF safety approval form SAGNIS Strategic Advisory Group for Nursing Information Systems SAHC Scottish Association of Health Councils SAHR spring applied hydraulic release SAL system abstraction layer SAM signal acquisition module SAM simple asynchronous messaging SAM Social Accounting Matrices SAMH Scottish Association of Mental Health SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAP session announcement protocol SAPHE self assessment in professional and higher education SAPR spring applied pneumatic release SAR safety analysis report SAR search and rescue SAR segmentation and reassembly SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS South African Revenue Service SATA serial advanced technology attachment SATAN security administrator tool for analyzing networks SAW spark angle word SAX simple API for XML SBB solid bleached board SBCD single-byte character set SBDS service bay diagnostic system SBEC single board engine controller (replaced with PCM) SBL swivel beam loader (conveyor) SBMT statistics-based machine translation SBP systolic blood pressure SBQ special bar quality SBQ standard batch quantity SBS supercharger bypass solenoid SBT serial bus traveller SBU strategic business unit SC smart card SC supercalendered SC supercharger SCA single connector attachment SCALL Southern California Association of Law Libraries (AALL chapter) SCAR supplier corrective action request SCB supercharger bypass SCBA self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus SCBU special care baby unit SCC short-circuit current SCC stress corrosion cracking SCCP skinny client control protocol ScHARR School of Health and Related Research SCHIP State Children's Health Program SCHR Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response SCI supply chain integration SCI supply chain intelligence SCID severe combined immunodeficiency SCM security configuration manager SCM specialist in community medicine SCM supply chain management SCMO Senior Clinical Medical Officer SCODA Standing Conference on Drug Abuse SCOPME Standing Committee on Postgraduate Medical Education SCPMDE Scottish Council for Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education SCREEN A semi-conducting non-metallic layer used under and over the insulation of power cables rated over 2kV to reduce electrical stresses and corona SCSI small computer system interface (Pronounced SKUZY) ScSL Scandinavian studies in law SD standard deviation SDDS special data dissemination standard SDG slave directional gyroscope SDH synchronous digital hierarchy SDI single document interface SDLC system development life cycle SDM sensing and diagnostic module SDO service data object SDR special drawing (right exchange) rate SDR special drawing right (international spare currecy) SDRAM synchronous DRAM SDS safety data sheet SDS sodium dodecyl (=lauryl) sulfate SDSL symmetric digital suscriber line SDV spark delay valve SE special edition SEA Single European Act SEAL software-optimized encryption algorithm (1993, Rogaway and Coppersmith) SEC Specialist Education Committee SECAM sequential color with memory (Fre: Séquentiel couleur à mémoire) SED Statistical Engineering Division SEFI sequential electronic fuel injection (replaced with SFI) SEI Software engineering institute SEM scanning electron microscopy SEMS from 'asSEMbled' plus plural 's' (A screw or bolt and washer assembly where the washer has been placed on the screw or bolt before the thread was rolled.) SENS system event notification service SEO search engine optimisation SEO special equipment option SEPA Science Education Partnership Award SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency SEPA Single Euro Payments Area SEPA State Environmental Policy Act (US) SEPHO South East Public Health Observatory SERDSA single enden ranging drum shearer SERNIP safety and efficiency of new interventional procedures SERP search engine result page SES service engine soon (replaced with MIL) SET security electronic transaction specification SFA sales forces automation SFC shop floor control SFC system file checker SFF service financial framework SFF small form factor SFFC Small Form Factor Committee SFI sequential multiport fuel injection SFM simple facemask SFM surface feet per minute SFP system file protection SFS Saybolt furol seconds SFTI single face industry SGHT Standing Group on Health Technology SGSN serving GPRS service node SGUMDER Standing Group on Undergraduate Medical and Dental Education and Research SHA Special Health Authority SHARE Scottish Health Authorities Revenue Equalization SHAS Scottish Health Advisory Service SHDSL single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line SHEA Environmental Health & Safety Affairs SHEBA Surface HEat Budget of the Artic ocean SHIELD A nonmagnetic, metallic material applied over an insulated conductor(s) to confine the electric field to the insulation SHMO Senior Hospital Medical Officer SHO Senior House Officer SHO super high output Shpg shipping SI shift in SI statutory instrument SIC standard industrial classification SIC standard industrial code SID sudden death syndrome SIDS sudden infant death syndrome SIFT service increment for teaching SIFTR service increment for teaching and research SIG RTN signal return SIG Special Interest Group SIL shift indicator lamp SIM school information management SIM security information management SIM society information management SIM subscriber identity module SIMD single instruction, multiple data SIMM single in-line memory module SIP session initiation protocol SIR supplemental inflatable restraint SIR systemic inflammatory response SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome SIS supplies information service SITREP situation report SKU stock keeping unit SKY spectral karyotyping SLA service level agreement (FRE: contrat ou convention de service) SLC simple line code SLC singel level cell SLE sytemic lupus erythematosis SLI serial link interface SLI sign language interpreter SLT Scottish Law Times SLT sign language transliterator SLUD salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation Slv sleeve SM system management SMA surface mounted assembly SMAC Standing Medical Advisory Committee SMB server message block SMBIOS system management BIOS SMBUS system management bus SMC surface mounted component SMCL secondary maximum contamination level SMD surface mount(ed) device SME small and medium enterprises (NOR: SMB - smÃ¥ og mellomstore bedrifter) SME small and medium sized enterprises (NOR: SMB) SMEC single module engine controller (replaced with PCM) SMED single minute exchange of die SMG submandibular glands SMI system management interrupt SMO Senior Medical Officer SMR standardised mortality ratio SMS short message service SMS supply management solutions SMT surface-mount technology SMTP simple mail transport protocol SNA system of national accounts SNAFU situation normal: all fowled up SNF skilled nursing facility SNG synthetic natural gas SNMAC Standing Nursing and Midwifery Advisory Committee SNMP simple network management protocol SNSR sensor SNT Norwegian Food Control Authority SNTN Scottish National Training Number SO shift out SO2 sulphur dioxide SOAP simple object access protocol SOAP subjective, objective, assessment and plan (a progress note) SOB shortness of breath (dyspnoea) SOC state of charge SODoH Scottish Department of Health SOG standard operating guidelines SOGC The Swiss official gazette of commerce (aka: SOTJ - Swiss Official Trade Journal) SOH start of heading SOHC single overhead camshaft SOHHD Scottish Home Office and Health Department SOHO small office/home office SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea SOM schema object model SONAR sound navigation and ranging SOP sales and operations planning (profusely used by APICS) SOP standard operating procedure SOS Save our souls SOVA South Orissa Voluntary Action SP service pack SP splash proof SPA Scottish Prescribing Analysis SPC statistical process control SPC stop producing crap SPD serial presence detect SPD serial presence detection Spd speed SPD speed SPD surge protective device SPDP screen protected drip proof SPE solid-phase extraction SPECT single photon emission computed tomography SPL sound pressure level SPL standard PHP library SP-OS Multiple Shielded Pairs or Triads with Overall Shield, instrumentation or thermocouple extension cable SPOUT spark output SPP standard parallel port SpR Specialist Registrar SPR surface plasmon resonance SPRA special purchase and resale agreement SPSC see UN/SPSC SPT shortest processing time first SQC statistical quality control SQL structured query language SQM strategic quality management SR Senior Registrar SR Society of Radiographers SR state register (computer) SR State Register (US) SRA special resale agreement SRA State Regulatory Agency (US) SRA State Regulatory Authority (US) SRB SCSI request block SRC selective ride control SRD State Registered Dietician SRF skin reactive factor SRM supplier relationship management SRP secure remote protocol SRP service requirements planning SS shift solenoid SSA standard spending assessment SSB subsurface buoy SSC Scandinavian studies in criminology SSCOP service-specific connection-oriented protocol SSD shaded surface display SSD solid(-)state drive (aka: RAM drive) SSF Saybolt seconds furol SSI supplemental security income SSL secure socket layer SSO single sign-on SSP space shuttle programme SSR small-screen rendering SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSU saybolt seconds universal ST scan tool ST solvent strength St stoke (ref cSt) STA Specialist Training Authority STARC Stoller average range channel STC Specialty Training Committee STD sexually transmitted disease STD standard STG special transitional grant STI self test input STI sexually transmitted infection STI sexually transmitted infections STL standard template library STM slaving torque motor Stm.YB Statesman's Year Book STO self test output STOU super tractor oil universal STP straight through processing STR suspend to ROM STS Service Technicians Society STX start of text SUB solid unbleached board SUB substitute SUS Saybolt universal seconds SUV sport utility vehicle Sux succhinylcholine SV safety valve SVG scalable vector graphic SVT supra-ventricular tachycardia SWAG specialist working advisory group SWAP simple workflow application protocol SWG specialty working group SWIFT Society for world wide interbank financial telecommunication SWIFT Society for World Wide Interbank Financial Transactions SWL safe working load SX symptoms SXR skull X-ray Syn synchronous SYN synchronous idle T and O trauma and orthopaedics T&Q tests and qualification T/VOR terminal/VHF omni range T2M test to market TA traffic accident TAB horizontal tab TAB thermactor air bypass (replaced with AIRB) TAC terms and conditions TAC throttle actuator control TACAN tactical air navigation TACH tachometer TAD thermactor air divert (replaced with AIRD) TAH total abdominal hysterectomy TAH/BSO total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TAN total acid number TANF temporary assistance to needy families TAP toxic air pollutant TAP transmission adaptive pressure TAS true air speed TASC Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus TB throttle body TB tuberculosis TBA tertiary butyl alcohol TBE threaded on both ends TBE tick borne encephalitis TBF total body failure TBI throttle body fuel injection TBI traumatic brain injury TBN total base number TBX termbase exchange (format) TC NEC type designation for power and control tray cable TC turbocharger TCB trusted computer base TCC torque converter clutch TCC transmission converter clutch TCE trichloroethylen TCIL transmission control indicator lamp TCIR total case incident rate TCM transmission control module TCM turbine control module TCO temperature cutoff TCO total cost of ownership TCP total commissioning pilot TCP transfer control protocol TCP transmission control protocol TCP/IP transmission control protocol/Internetwork protocol TCR T-cell receptor TCS traction control system TCS transmission control switch TCSEC trusted computer system evaluation criteria Td tetanus toxoid without diphtheria booster TDC top dead centre TDD time division duplex TDEA triple data encryption algorithm TDI turbo direct injection TDMA time division multiple access TDR time delay relay TDR time-domain reflectometer TDS tatally dissolved solids TE totally enclosed TEAA totally enclosed, air-to-air TEAAC totally enclosed, air-to-air cooled TEAO totally enclosed, air over TEAW totally enclosed, air-to-water TEAWC totally enclosed, air-to-water cooled TEBC Totally enclosed, blower cooled TEC thermoelectric cooler TED tenders electronic daily TEDIS Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems (a EU programme) TEE transesophageal echocardiogram TEEL temporary emergency exposure limit TEF totally effluent free TEFC totally enclosed, fan cooled TEI total employee involvement TEL trust executive letter TEM transanal endoscopic microsurgery TEMP temperature TEN total enteral nutrition TENV totally enclosed, non-vantilated TENV totally enclosed, non-ventilated TEPV totally enclosed pipe ventilation TER total expense ratio TETV totally enclosed, tube ventilated TEWA totally enclosed, water-to-air TEWAC totally enclosed, water-to-air cooled TFI thick film integrated (replaced with DI) TFMPP trifluoromethylphenolpiperazine TFN NEC conductor type designation for PVC insulated nylon jacketed conductors in sizes #18 and 16 AWG for use in dry locations TFT thin-film transistor TFT transmission fluid temperature TG tail gate TG tax guide TG transformational grammar TG triacylglycerol TGA thermal gas analysis TGA thermal gravimetric analysis TGB twisted grain boundary TGC traffic guidance computer TGF transforming growth factor TGS triglyceride sulfate TGT ticket granting Th thorium TH tyrosine hydroxylase THC terminal handling charge THC tetra-hydro cannabinol THC total hydrocarbon THCV tetra-hydro cannabivarin THCV tetrahydrocannabivarin THETA tunneling hot electron transfer amplifier THG tetrahydrogestrinone THGA transverse-heated graphite atomizer THHN NEC conductor type designation for PVC insulated nylon jacketed conductors for use in dry locations THM turbo hydra-matic THR through-hole-reflow THR total hip replacement THT through-hole mounting technology THT through-hole technology THWN NEC conductor type designation for PVC insulated nylon jacketed conductors for use in wet or dry locations Ti titanium TIA thanks in advance TIA transient ischemic attack TID three times per day TIF tax increment financing TIG tungsten inert-gas welding TIGER topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing TIMS thermal ionisation mass spectrometry TiN titanium nitride TIPPLE Trent Institute of Interprofessional Practice Learning and Education TKO technical knockout TKO to keep open TL truckload TLA three-letter (more or less) abbreviation TLA three-letter acronym TLC thin layer chromatography TLC total logistic control TLC/FTIR TLC/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry TLC/MS TLC/mass spectrometry TLL truckload lot TLS transport layer security TLS transport layer security protocol TLV treshold limit value TM translation memory TMA Tivoli manager for applications TMB time before maintenance TMB too many birthdays TMI team management index TMSI temporary mobile subscriber identity TMX translation memory exchange (XML-based standard for data exchange between memory databases) TNE transnational enterprise TNF trinitrofluorenone TOC theory of constraints TOE theory of everything TOE threaded on one end TOF time of flight TOG unit for thermal resistance (sometimes also called: thermal insulation, TOG rating) TOP technical/office protocol TOPS tip over protective structure TOT transmission oil temperature TOTX total index (trade) TP throttle position TPA third party administrator TPA Third Party Administrator TPA tissue plasminogen activator TPAS third party adminstrative service TPD Training Programme Director TPG total petroleum hydrocarbon TPI tuned port injection TPM third party maintenance TPM tire pressure monitor TPM total productive maintenance TPM total productive management TPM trusted platform module TPM tyre pression monitoring TPN total parenteral nutrition TPN total prenteral nutrition TPOP time phase order point TPP total purchasing pilot TPR temperature, pulse, respiration TQC total quality control TQI total quality improvement TQM total quality management TR transmission range TRC total relevant cost TRI toxic release inventory TRIN trading index (aka Arms index) TRiP turning research into practice TRIPS trade related aspects of intellectual property rights TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property agreement (app. to GATT) tRNA transport RNA (ribonucleic acid) TRO time ran out TRS temporary roof support TSB technical service bulletin TSC time stamp counter TSH thyroid stimulating hormone TSR technical safety requirement TSR terminate and stay resident (memory resident programme) TSS total suspended solids TSS transmission speed sensor TSSU theatre sterile supplies unit TT thrombin time TTF true type font TTP trusted third party TTS temporary threshold shift TTS transdermal therapeutic system TU tuberculin unit TURP transurethral resection of prostate TUTT tropical upper tropospheric trough TV throttle valve TV tidal volume TVF team, vision, future TVH transvaginal hysterectomy TVS thermal vacuum switch TVS transient voltage suppressor TVT tension-free vaginal tape TVV thermal vacuum valve TWA time weighted average TWAR chlamydia psittaci TWC The International Whaling Commission TWC three way catalytic converter TWES training and work experience scheme TWK total work content TX treatment TXB2 thromboxane B2 TXV thermal expansion valve U unit U.N. United Nations U/A urine analysis U/P urine/plasma ratio U/S ultrasound UAE United Arab Emirates UART universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter UBE unsollicited bulk email UBR unspecified bit rate UCAS Universities College Admission Service UCB universal content broker (formerly CHAOS) UCB universal definition format UCC Uniform Code Council UCC Uniform Commercial Code UCD Unicode character database UCE unsolicited commercial mail (or spam) UCITS undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities UCL upper control limit UCP unit control panel UCS universal character set UD underdrive UDDI universal discovery, description and integration UDK UNO developer kit UDMA ultra DMA UDP user datagram protocol UE Union Européenne UEL universal exit language UEMS Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes (European Union of Medical Specialists) UG underground UGIB upper gastrointestinal bleeding UGM Unit General Manager UGR unified glare rating UHF ultra high frequency UHF ultra-high frequency UIP DECT/UTMS interworking profile UKCC United Kingdom Central Council for nursing, midwifery and health visiting UKTSSA United Kingdom Transplant Support Service Authority UL Underwriters Laboratories (An independent organisation that examines, tests, lists and periodically inspects equipment to appropriate standards) UL underwriters laboratories, inc ULEV ultra low emission vehicle ULPA ultra-low penetration aerosol (filter) ULTRA Unrelated Live Transplant Regulatory Authority UMF universal modular fuse UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system UN United Nations UN/CEFACT United Nations Centre for Trade Facilities and Electronic Business UN/ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNA use no acronyms UNC uniform naming convention UNCED UN conference on environment and development UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law UNCJIN United Nations Criminal Justice Information Network UNCOPUOS United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDCP United Nations International Drug Control Programme UNDESIPA United Nations Population Division UNDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Organization UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNI user-network interface UNICC United Nations International Computing Centre UNICE Union of Industries of the European Community UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNO universal network object UNOV United Nations Office in Vienna UNRTF UN Regional Task Force UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees UNTDID United Nations Trade Data Interchange Directory UNTS United Nations Treaty Series UPC unit control panel UPN unified principal name UPS uninterrupted power supply URI uniform resource identifier URI upper respiratory infection URL uniform resource locator URN uniform resource name URO-J Underground Residential distribution- Okoguard (EPR) insulation-Okolene Jacket employing a concentric neutral UR-X Underground Residential distribution cable with X-Olene insulation US ultrasound US unit separator USAID United States Agency for International Development USAN United States adopted name USB universal serial bus USB upper side band USCRI U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants USE underground service entrance cable USG uninterrupted shift gearbox USL upper specification limit USN update sequence number UTC universal time coordinated UTD Unit Training Director UTG unified training grade UTH university teaching hospital UTI urinary tract infection UTM universal transverse Mercator projection UTP unshielded twisted pair (cable) UTREF unique transaction reference UV ultraviolet UV/VIS ultraviolet/visible UVA ultraviolet A-rays (skin aging rays) UVB ultraviolet B-rays (sunburn rays) UVC universal viscosity curve UVCE unconfined vapor cloud explosion UVR ultraviolet radiation V ac volts alternating current V dc volts direct current v migration velocity v mixed venous V Volt V volts, voltage V volume VA value analysis VAAC Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (Anchorage, Buenos Aires, Darwin, London, Montreal, Tokyo, Toulouse, Washington, Wellington; basic part of the IAVW) VAC vacuum VAF volume (or vane) airflow vag hyst vaginal hysterectomy VAN value-added network VaR value at risk (concept) VaR value at visk VAT vane air temperature (replaced with IAT) VATS vehicle antitheft system VAW violence against women VBR variable bit rate VCA vulnerability and capacity assessment VCC viscous converter clutch VCL visual class library VCM vehicle control module VCN video, compression, networking VCN visual communication network VCRM variable control relay module VCT voluntary counseling and testing VD venereal disease VDE virtual distributed Ethernet VDI Association of German engineers (Verein deutscher Ingenieure) VDI warning system for digital infrastructure VDOT variable displacement orifice tube VDS virtual dedicates server (aka VPS) VDSL very high speed digital subscriber line VDT video display terminal VDU video display unit VDU visual display unit VDV vacuum delay valve VE value engineering VEB vetricular ectopic beat VECI vehicle emission control information (label) vEO electro-osmotic velocity VEO visible emissions observation VEP visual evoked potential VES virtual execution service VF vacuum fluorescent VF ventricular fibrillation VFD vacuum fluorescent display VFD variable frequency drive VFIB ventricular fibrillation VFLE view facing lead end VFSE view facing shaft end VG viscosity grade VGA video graphics array VHAP volatile hazardous air pollutant VHF very high frequency VI viscosity index VI viscosity index (Measure; defines fluids change of viscosity in relation to temperature) VICH International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requiremments for Registration of Veterinary Products VIN vehicle identification number VINTARS Vienna INternet Terminology And Reference System VIP vasointestinal peptide VIRHN vertically integrated rural health network VIS visible VLDL very low density lipoprotein VLE variable length encoder VLE virtual laboratory environment VLE virtual learning environment VLF very low frequency VMV vacuum modulator valve VNC virtual network computing VNT variable nozzle turbocharger VOCC voltage operated calcium channel VOD vacuum oxygen decarburisation VoD video on demand VoIP voice over Internet protocol VoPI voice over public Internet VOS virtual operating system VOTM vacuum operated throttle modulator VP-16 epipodophyllotoxin VPB ventricular premature beats VPC ventricular premature contraction VPI vapour phase inhibitor VPN virtual private network VPN virtual private networking VPS virtual private server (aka VDS) VPWR vehicle power VQ ventilation/perfusion, i.e. V/Q scan VR vacuum regulator VRA voluntary restraint agreement VREF voltage reference VRIS variable resonance induction system VRN vehicle registration number VRV vacuum reducer valve vs visit VS vital sign VSA vital sign absent VSC Voluntary Service Co-ordinator VSI vertical speed indicator VSI voltage source inverter VSS vehicle speed sensor VT ventricular tachycardia VT vertical tab VT vertical tabulator VTA vehicle theft alarm VTG variable turbin geometry VTN visiting training number VTR vocational training record VTS vessel traffic services VTS vocational training scheme VTSS vehicle theft security system VVT variable valve timing VW-1 vertical wire 1 (basic flammability test for single conductors; employs a Tirill burner applied intermittently to a vertical wire) W width, watts w/ with W/B wheelbase w/c wheel chair w/o without W3C World Wide Web Consortium WAB Windows address book WAC wide open throttle A/C cut-off WAD whiplash-associated disorder WADA World Anti-Doping Agency WAHAT Welsh Association of Health Authorities and Trusts WAI web accessibility initiative WAN wide area network WAP waste analysis plan WAP wireless access point WAP wireless application protocol WBC white blood cells WCAG Web content accessibility guidelines WCM world-class manufacturing WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre WCRWC Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children WD warm/dry WDWN well-developed, well-nourished WEEL workplace environmental exposure limit WEP wireless encryption protocol WF water finished WFDSA World Federation of Direct Selling Associations WfM wired for management WFP UN World Food Programme WFP Windows file protection WFP working for patients WFP World Food Programme WGS world geodetic system WGSMT working group on specialist medical training wh peak width at half height WHCSA Welsh Health Common Services Agency WHIN Women's Health Information Service WHMIS workplace hazardous materials information system WHO Worl Health Organization WHO World Health Organization WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Labs WIIFM what is in it for me WINS Windows Internet name service WIP work in process WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WIST women in surgical training scheme WLAN wireless LAN WLC white lined chipboard WLL working load limit WMI Windows management instrumentation WMO World Meteorological Organization WNL within normal limits WONCA World Organization of National Colleges Academies and academic associations of general practitioners / family physicians WOT wide-open throttle WP1 weather protected type 1 WP10 working paper 10 WP2 weather protected type 2 WPD warm, pink, dry (skin signs) WPT waypoint WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome WS Watt-seconds WSDL web services description language WSO World Safety Organization WSS wheel speed sensor wt weight WTC World Trade Center (until 11. Sep. 2002) WTE whole time equivalents WTEP whole time equivalent posts WTI waiting time initiative WTO World Trade Organization WU-OC warm-up oxidation catalytic converter WU-TWC warm-up three way catalytic converter X extended x times (multiplied by) X trans- X9 see ASC X9 XDLT XSL transformations XDR XML-data reduced XFT cross functional team XHHW-2 NEC conductor type designation for conductors with Heat and Moisture resistant insulation for use in wet or dry locations XIF extended image file format XLIFF XML localisation interchange file format XLPE cross-linked polyethylene insulating compound XML extensible markup language (developed by the World Wide Web Consortium as an alternative to HTML) XNS Xerox network systems X-OLENE® Okonite's name for its XLPE insulation. XOR exclusive OR (Boolean operator) XP explosion proof XPBC explosion proof, blower cooled XPFC explosion proof, fan cooled XPointer XML pointer language XQL XML query language XSD XML schema definition (language) XSL extensible stylesheet language XSLT XSL transformations YCS young chronic sick YDU young disabled unit Z NEC conductor type designation for conductors with ETFE insulation for use in dry locations ZBB zero-base budgeting ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (An antiwear additive in many hydraulic and lubricating fluids) ZIP zone improvement plan ZW NEC conductor type designation for conductors with ETFE insulation for use in wet or dry locations